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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782173
Original Article

Sleep Debt and Insulin Resistance: What's Worse, Sleep Deprivation or Sleep Restriction?

Jorge Fernando Tavares Souza 
1   Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Marcos Monico-Neto 
1   Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Sergio Tufik 
1   Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
,
Hanna Karen Moreira Antunes 
1   Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
2   Department of Biosciences, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade (ISS), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, SP, Brazil
› Author Affiliations Funding The present study received funds from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq; #4001129/2016-7) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).
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Abstract

Objective To evaluate which condition of sleep debt has a greater negative impact on insulin resistance: sleep deprivation for 24 hours or 4 hours of sleep restriction for 4 nights.

Materials and Methods In total, 28 healthy male subjects aged 18 to 40 years were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups: sleep deprivation (SD) and sleep restriction (SR). Each group underwent two conditions: regular sleep (11 pm to 7 am) and total sleep deprivation for 24 hours (SD); regular sleep (11 pm to 7 am) and 4 nights of sleep restriction (SR) (1 am to 5 am). The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and baseline glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFAs), and cortisol were measured. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the Matsuda Index (Insulin Sensitivity Index, ISI) were calculated.

Results Glucose and insulin had a similar pattern between groups, except at the baseline, when insulin was higher in the sleep debt condition of the SR when compared with the SD (p < 0.01). In the comparison between regular sleep and sleep debt, the SD had a higher insulin AUC (p < 0.01) and FFAs (p = 0.03) after sleep deprivation, and insulin and the insulin AUC increased (p < 0.01 for both), while the ISI decreased (p = 0.02) after sleep restriction in the SR. In baseline parameters covariate by the condition of regular sleep, insulin (p = 0.02) and the HOMA-IR (p < 0.01) were higher, and cortisol (p = 0.04) was lower after sleep restriction when compared with sleep deprivation.

Conclusion Sleep restriction for 4 consecutive nights is more detrimental to energy metabolism because of the higher insulin values and insulin resistance compared with an acute period of sleep deprivation of 24 hours.

Keywords

sleep deprivation - sleep restriction - metabolism - insulin resistance - glucose


Publication History

Received: 13 February 2023

Accepted: 05 October 2023

Article published online:
21 May 2024

© 2024. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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