New Cytotoxic Sesquiterpene Lactones from Warionia saharae

Abstract

Cytotoxicity-guided fractionation of the methanol soluble part of the dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Warionia saharae led to the isolation of the two new guaianolide-type sesquiterpene lactones, 5αH-3β,4β-epoxy-14-oxo-guaia-1(10),11(13)-dien-6α,12-olide (1), 5α H-2β,4β-epoxy-3α-hydroxy-guaia-1(10),11(13)-dien-6α,12-olide (6), and the new eudesmane type sesquiterpene 1β,6α-dihydroxycostic acid (4). In addition, the known sesquiterpene lactones 5α H-2β-hydroxyguaia-3(4),10(14),11(13)-trien-6α,12-olide (2), reynosin (3), 5α H-1α,10α:3α,4α-diepoxyguaia-11(13)-en-6α,12-olide (5), and dehydroleucodin (7) were isolated together with the known flavone hispidulin. Cytotoxicity testing of the sesquiterpene lactones against the KB cancer cell line (ATCC CCL17) revealed IC₅₀ values of 3.5 (1), 2.6 (2), 2.7 (3), 4.3 (5), 3.6 (6), and 1.3 (7) μg/mL. Compound 4 was not active up to 20 μg/mL.

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