Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Nutzung kleiner Zyklotrone bei der Produktion medizinisch relevanter Radionuklide

Zusammenfassung

Radionuklide für die Bildgebung sowie für die interne Radiotherapie werden in Kernreaktoren sowie an Zyklotronen erzeugt. In diesem Beitrag sollen verschiedene Optionen, Radionuklide an einem kleinen medizinischen Zyklotron (E_p ≤ 18 MeV; E_d ≤ 9 MeV) zu erzeugen, diskutiert werden. Neben der Routineproduktion kurzlebiger „Standard“-Positronenstrahler, wie ¹¹C, ¹⁵O und ¹⁸F, können auch zahlreiche „Nicht-Standard“-Positronenstrahler, wie ⁶⁴Cu, ⁸⁶Y, ⁸⁹Zr usw., für weitere Anwendungen in der Positronenemissionstomographie (PET) in ausreichender Menge hergestellt werden. Dies setzt voraus, dass ein geeignetes Targetsystem zur Bestrahlung von angereichertem Targetmaterial zur Verfügung steht. Prinzipiell ist es außerdem möglich, einige SPECT-Radionuklide (⁶⁷Ga, ¹¹¹In, ¹²³I) sowie Therapienuklide (⁶⁷Cu, ¹⁰³Pd, ¹⁸⁶Re) in geringen Mengen zu produzieren.

Abstract

Radionuclides for in vivo imaging studies as well as for internal radiotherapy are produced using both nuclear reactors and cyclotrons. In this contribution we discuss the possibilities of production of different types of radionuclides using a small medical cyclotron (E_p  = 18 MeV; E_d = 9 MeV). Besides routine production of short-lived “standard” positron emitters ¹¹C, ¹⁵O and ¹⁸F, several “non-standard” positron emitters like ⁶⁴Cu, ⁸⁶Y, ⁸⁹Zr etc. could also be produced in quantities sufficient for extended positron emission tomography. It is, however, necessary to develop a suitable target system for irradiation of enriched material. In principle, it is then also possible to produce in small amounts a few SPECT radionuclides (⁶⁷Ga, ¹¹¹In, ¹²³I) as well as therapy-related radionuclides (⁶⁷Cu, ¹⁰³Pd, ¹⁸⁶Re).

Schlüsselwörter

Medizinisches Zyklotron - Positronenstrahler - SPECT- und Therapie-Radionuklide - Kernreaktion und Produktionsausbeute - Fest-, Flüssig- und Gastargets

Keywords

Medical cyclotron - positron emitter - SPECT and therapeutic radionuclides - nuclear reaction and production yield - solid, liquid and gas targets

Publication History

Article published online:
10 June 2021

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