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Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2023; 91(10): 404-413
DOI: 10.1055/a-1882-6544
Übersichtsarbeit

Alexithymie bei Multipler Sklerose – eine narrative Übersicht

Alexithymia in Multiple Sclerosis – Narrative Review
Christina Grigorescu
1   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München, München
,
Moussa A. Chalah
2   EA 4391, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
3   Service de Physiologie - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
,
Samar S. Ayache
2   EA 4391, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
3   Service de Physiologie - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
,
Ulrich Palm
1   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München, München
4   Medical Park Chiemseeblick, Bernau a. Chiemsee
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Zusammenfassung

Alexithymie ist ein multidimensionales Konstrukt der Persönlichkeit, welches durch ein nach außen hin orientiertes Denken sowie Schwierigkeiten bei der Gefühlsbeschreibung und -identifizierung einer anderen Person gekennzeichnet ist. Obwohl sie bei psychiatrischen Patienten gut beschrieben ist, wurde ihr Vorkommen und die Pathophysiologie im Zusammenhang mit der Multiplen Sklerose (MS) erst neuerdings untersucht. In dieser narrativen Übersichtsarbeit sollen Prävalenzen, Ursachen, neurobiologische und klinische Befunde dargestellt werden. Die Prävalenz der Alexithymie in MS reicht von 10 bis 53%. Es scheint Assoziationen mit Angststörungen, Depressionen, Fatigue und einigen kognitiven Aspekten zu geben. Die Beziehung zu klinischen und klassischen kognitiven Variablen/Kriterien ist bislang wenig untersucht. Schlussendlich stellt eine Arbeit einen pathophysiologischen Bezug dar und diskutiert eine aberrante interhemisphärische Übertragung. Zusammenfassend zeigt die Alexithymie bei MS eine negative Auswirkung auf die Lebensqualität, deshalb stellt das Screening nach ihr einen wichtigen Punkt im Krankheitsmanagement dar. Ihre Beziehung zu klinischen, emotionalen und kognitiven Kofaktoren bedarf weiterer Untersuchungen. Größer angelegte Studien inklusive bildgebender Verfahren sind dringend notwendig, um ein besseres Verständnis für die neuronalen Mechanismen der Alexithymie bei MS zu gewinnen.

Abstract

Alexithymia is a multidimensional construct of personality implicating difficulties in identifying and describing another’s feelings, and externally oriented thinking. It is broadly reported in psychiatric patients but has gained little attention regarding its occurrence and pathophysiology in multiple sclerosis (MS). This narrative review aims to address prevalence, etiology, neurobiological, and clinical findings of alexithymia. The prevalence of alexithymia in MS ranges from 10 to 53%. There seems to be an association with anxiety, depression, fatigue, and some aspects of social cognition, while the relationship with clinical and classical cognitive variables was rarely evaluated. Only a few studies referred to its pathophysiology assuming an aberrant interhemispheric transfer or regional cerebral abnormalities. The prevalence of alexithymia in MS and the potential negative impact on quality of life and interpersonal communication could severely impact clinical MS management and a screnning for these factors should be mandatory. Thus, further evaluation is needed concerning its relationship with clinical, emotional, and cognitive confounders. Large-scale studies employing neuroimaging techniques are needed for a better understanding of the neural underpinnings of this MS feature.

Schlüsselwörter

Alexithymie - Multiple Sklerose - Emotionsverarbeitung - Emotionswahrnehmung

Key words

alexithymia - multiple sclerosis - emotional processing - emotional awareness


Publication History

Received: 14 February 2020

Accepted: 14 June 2022

Article published online:
10 August 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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