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Horm Metab Res 2024; 56(08): 574-584
DOI: 10.1055/a-2238-1710
Original Article: Endocrine Care

Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Congenital Heart Disease in Offspring: A Meta-Analysis

Yun Liu‡
1   Obstetrical Department, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang City, China
,
Lina Yue‡
2   Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiangyang City, China
,
Li Chang
2   Department of Pediatrics, Xiangyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiangyang City, China
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Abstract

Maternal diabetes has been related to an increased risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring. However, inconsistent results were retrieved for studies evaluating the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and CHD in offspring. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis for comprehensive investigation. Observational studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science according to the aim of the meta-analysis. A randomized-effects model was used to pool the data by incorporating the influence of potential heterogeneity. Twenty-three observational studies, involving 46953078 mother-child pairs, were available for the meta-analysis. Among them, 2131800 mothers were diagnosed as GDM and 214379 newborns had CHD. Overall, maternal GDM was associated with a higher incidence of CHD in offspring [odds ratio (OR): 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21 to 1.45, p<0.001; I2=62%]. Sensitivity analysis limited to studies with adjustment of maternal age and other potential confounding factors showed similar results (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.30 to 1.51, p<0.001; I2=47%). Subgroup analysis suggested that the association between maternal GDM and CHD in offspring was not significantly affected by methods for diagnosis of GDM, methods for confirmation of CHD, or study quality scores (p for subgroup difference all>0.05). Subsequent analysis according to types of CHD showed that maternal GDM was associated with higher risks of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and Tetralogy of Fallot. Maternal GDM may be associated with a higher risk of CHD in offspring.

Key words

gestational diabetes mellitus - congenital heart disease - offspring - risk factor - meta-analysis


Publication History

Received: 05 October 2023

Accepted after revision: 15 December 2023

Article published online:
02 February 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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