Semin Neurol 2010; 30(1): 010-014
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1244990
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Pearls: Parkinsonism

J. Eric Ahlskog1
  • 1Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
01 February 2010 (online)

ABSTRACT

Diagnosing Parkinson’s disease and distinguishing it from other forms of parkinsonism are primarily based on clinical features. These conditions may present with nonspecific symptoms that are not obviously neurologic (e.g., fatigue, depression, insomnia, pain, stiffness). Many subtle clues provided by history and examination are crucial, with laboratory and imaging being primarily supportive.

REFERENCES

  • 1 Jankovic J. Dystonia and other deformities in Parkinson’s disease.  J Neurol Sci. 2005;  239(1) 1-3
  • 2 Riley D, Lang A E, Blair R D, Birnbaum A, Reid B. Frozen shoulder and other shoulder disturbances in Parkinson’s disease.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1989;  52(1) 63-66
  • 3 Koller W C. Sensory symptoms in Parkinson’s disease.  Neurology. 1984;  34(7) 957-959
  • 4 Ahlskog J E. Parkinson’s Disease Treatment Guide for Physicians. New York, NY; Oxford University Press 2009
  • 5 Hillen M E, Sage J I. Nonmotor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson’s disease.  Neurology. 1996;  47(5) 1180-1183
  • 6 Bennett D A, Beckett L A, Murray A M et al.. Prevalence of parkinsonian signs and associated mortality in a community population of older people.  N Engl J Med. 1996;  334(2) 71-76
  • 7 Boeve B F, Silber M H, Ferman T J, Lucas J A, Parisi J E. Association of REM sleep behavior disorder and neurodegenerative disease may reflect an underlying synucleinopathy.  Mov Disord. 2001;  16(4) 622-630
  • 8 Josephs K A, Matsumoto J Y, Ahlskog J E. Benign tremulous parkinsonism.  Arch Neurol. 2006;  63(3) 354-357
  • 9 Collins S J, Ahlskog J E, Parisi J E, Maraganore D M. Progressive supranuclear palsy: neuropathologically based diagnostic clinical criteria.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995;  58(2) 167-173
  • 10 Reich S G, Grill S E. Corticobasal degeneration.  Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2009;  11(3) 179-185
  • 11 Wenning G K, Ben Shlomo Y, Magalhães M, Daniel S E, Quinn N P. Clinical features and natural history of multiple system atrophy. An analysis of 100 cases.  Brain. 1994;  117(Pt 4) 835-845
  • 12 Wenning G K, Tison F, Ben Shlomo Y, Daniel S E, Quinn N P. Multiple system atrophy: a review of 203 pathologically proven cases.  Mov Disord. 1997;  12(2) 133-147
  • 13 Wenning G K, Colosimo C, Geser F, Poewe W. Multiple system atrophy.  Lancet Neurol. 2004;  3(2) 93-103
  • 14 Schrag A, Kingsley D, Phatouros C et al.. Clinical usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in multiple system atrophy.  J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;  65(1) 65-71
  • 15 O’Suilleabhain P E, Matsumoto J Y. Time-frequency analysis of tremors.  Brain. 1998;  121(Pt 11) 2127-2134
  • 16 Deuschl G, Köster B, Lücking C H, Scheidt C. Diagnostic and pathophysiological aspects of psychogenic tremors.  Mov Disord. 1998;  13(2) 294-302
  • 17 Thompson P D, Day B L, Rothwell J C, Brown P, Britton T C, Marsden C D. The myoclonus in corticobasal degeneration. Evidence for two forms of cortical reflex myoclonus.  Brain. 1994;  117(Pt 5) 1197-1207
  • 18 Moersch F P, Woltman H W. Progressive fluctuating muscular rigidity and spasm (“stiff-man” syndrome): report of a case and some observations in 13 other cases.  Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin Proc. 1956;  31 421-427
  • 19 Walikonis J E, Lennon V A. Radioimmunoassay for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantibodies as a diagnostic aid for stiff-man syndrome and a correlate of susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus.  Mayo Clin Proc. 1998;  73(12) 1161-1166
  • 20 Pittock S J, Lucchinetti C F, Parisi J E et al.. Amphiphysin autoimmunity: paraneoplastic accompaniments.  Ann Neurol. 2005;  58(1) 96-107
  • 21 Murinson B B, Guarnaccia J B. Stiff-person syndrome with amphiphysin antibodies: distinctive features of a rare disease.  Neurology. 2008;  71(24) 1955-1958
  • 22 Constantinescu R, Richard I, Kurlan R. Levodopa responsiveness in disorders with parkinsonism: a review of the literature.  Mov Disord. 2007;  22(15) 2141-2148

J. Eric AhlskogPh.D. M.D. 

Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic

200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905

Email: eahlskog@mayo.edu

    >