Proximate mechanisms involved in the formation of Secondary Osteon Morphotypes

Summary

Proximate mechanisms involved in forming extracellular matrix (ECM) variations within and between bones are not yet clear. Deficiencies in the collective understanding of details required to illuminate the process that forms a highly ordered ECM are exposed when considering that there is still significant debate as to the importance of cellular control in the assembly of the ECM vs. the observation of collagen fibrillar “self-assembly” (i. e., occurring devoid of cells). We examined data and opinions with respect to possible mechanisms involved in the formation of distinctly different ECM patterns of secondary osteon morphotypes (SOMs). Important considerations include: (1) stretch within the osteoid during fibrillogenesis, (2) various mechanotransduction mechanisms, and (3) whether or not the formation of regional variations in osteonal ECMs requires osteo blast alignment and/or rotation and migration. We propose that primary cilia of osteoblasts and osteocytes have an important role in their perception of variant-related (vectorial) stimuli, which is deemed essential in the genesis of distinctive and mechanically relevant ECM patterns of SOMs.

Zusammenfassung

Die proximaten Vorgänge, die an der Entstehung von Variationen extrazellulärer Matrix in und zwischen Knochen beteiligt sind, sind noch nicht abschließend geklärt. Es bestehen nach wie vor Defizite im kollektiven Verständnis der Details, die für das Entstehen einer hoch geordneten extrazellulären Matrix erforderlich sind. Das zeigen die nach wie vor erheblichen Diskussionen, die über die Bedeutung zellulärer Kontrolle in der Anordnung der extrazellulären Matrix gegenüber der Beobachtung einer Selbstorganisation der Kollagenfasern (d. h. ohne Zellbeteiligung) geführt werden. Wir untersuchen Daten und Auffassungen im Hinblick auf die Mechanismen, die an der Bildung von unterschiedlichen Mustern extrazellulärer Matrix von Morphotypen sekundärer Osteone beteiligt sind. Wichtige Betrachtungen umfassen: (1) ein Dehnen innerhalb des Osteoids während der Fibrillogenese, (2) verschiedene Mechanismen der Mechanotransduktion, und (3) die Frage, ob die Bildung regionaler Variationen in der osteonalen extrazellulären Matrix eine Ausrichtung der Osteoblasten erfordert und/oder eine Rotation und Migration. Wir schlagen vor, dass primäre Zilien der Osteoblasten und Osteozyten eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Wahrnehmung veränderlicher (vektorieller) Stimuli innehaben, was als wesentlich erachtet wird in der Entstehung charakteristischer und mechanisch relevanter Muster der extrazellulären Matrix von Morphotypen sekundärer Osteone.

Keywords

Osteocyte - osteoblast - osteons - osteon morphotypes - cilia - bone

Schlüsselwörter

Osteozyt - Osteoblast - Osteone - Osteon-Morphotypen - Zilien - Knochen

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