Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 2019; 19(03): 170-176
DOI: 10.1055/a-0876-5859
Übersichtsarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Schlaf und Lernen in der Entwicklung

Sleep and learning during development
Joëlle Albrecht
1   Abteilung für Entwicklungspädiatrie, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich
,
Reto Huber
1   Abteilung für Entwicklungspädiatrie, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich
2   Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

eingereicht 24 January 2019

akzeptiert 01 February 2019

Publication Date:
18 June 2019 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Die Hirnentwicklung von der Kindheit über die Adoleszenz bis zum Erwachsenenalter ist komplex und wird maßgeblich durch Lernen beeinflusst. Da bei Erwachsenen der lernförderliche Effekt von Schlaf überzeugend demonstriert wurde, könnte Schlaf für Kinder aufgrund der hohen Lernanforderungen speziell wichtig sein. In der Tat zeigen Kinder einen erhöhten Schlafbedarf und klinische Befunde weisen darauf hin, dass Schlafstörungen im Kindesalter langfristige kognitive Folgen haben können. Da Lernen auf Veränderungen von Verbindungen zwischen Neuronen zurückgeht, legen wir den Fokus des folgenden Artikels auf Befunde aus der Hirnreifungs- und der kognitiven Plastizitätsforschung im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Die Evidenzen aus diesen Forschungslinien zeigen, dass Schlaf auch im Kindesalter eng mit synaptischer Plastizität verbunden ist, und werden im Lichte der Hypothese besprochen, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen Schlaf und Lernen möglicherweise im Kindesalter besonders ausgeprägt ist.

Abstract

Brain maturation from childhood through adolescence to adulthood is complex and strongly influenced by learning. As sleep has been shown to be beneficial for learning and memory in adults, sleep might be particularly relevant during development. Indeed, children show a significantly increased sleep need and clinical evidence points to a relationship between sleep disturbances during childhood and long-term cognitive consequences. Because learning consists of changes in connections between neurons, the focus of the following article is on research about brain maturation and plasticity. The results confirm that sleep is related to synaptic plasticity also during childhood and are discussed in light of the hypothesis that the relation between sleep and learning might be especially pronounced during development.

 
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