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Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2024; 149(11): 646-653
DOI: 10.1055/a-2260-5003
DOI: 10.1055/a-2260-5003
Review
Gesundheitsschädliche Wirkungen von Aromen in E-Zigaretten
Harmful health effects of flavors in e-cigarettes
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Fast alle E-Zigaretten enthalten Aromastoffe, die das Produkt attraktiver machen. Bei der Bewertung von E-Zigaretten in Bezug auf die Gesundheit spielten Aromen bisher eine untergeordnete Rolle.
Methode Selektive Literaturrecherche in PubMed, ergänzt durch rechtliche Bestimmungen zur Nutzung von Aromen in E-Zigaretten.
Ergebnisse Aromen erleichtern den Einstieg in den E-Zigarettenkonsum und haben eine konsumfördernde Wirkung. Durch tieferes Inhalieren werden die Nikotinaufnahme und die Aufnahme toxischer Substanzen aus dem E-Zigaretten-Liquid gesteigert. Für einige Aromen wurden pathologische Wirkungen, additiv zu anderen toxischen Bestandteilen der E-Zigarette, nachgewiesen. Für die große Mehrzahl der in E-Zigaretten enthaltenen Aromen liegen bisher keine toxikologischen Analysen vor.
Schlussfolgerungen Die nachgewiesene konsumfördernde Wirkung und die aus präklinischen Daten extrapolierbaren Gesundheitsrisiken sind bedeutsam für die politische Diskussion eines Verbots von Aromen auch für E-Zigaretten, analog zu dem bereits geltenden Verbot von Aromen in Tabakerzeugnissen.
Abstract
Background Almost all e-cigarettes contain flavorings that make the product more attractive. In the evaluation of e-cigarettes on health, flavors have so far played a subordinate role.
Method Selective literature search in PubMed, supplemented by legal regulations on the use of flavors in e-cigarettes.
Results Flavors make it easier to start using e-cigarettes and have a consumption-promoting effect. Deeper inhalation increases nicotine uptake and the absorption of toxic substances from the e-cigarette liquid. For some flavors, pathological effects have been demonstrated in addition to other toxic components of the e-cigarette. To date, no toxicological analyses are available for the vast majority of flavors contained in e-cigarettes.
Conclusions The proven consumption-promoting effect and the health risks that can be extrapolated from preclinical data are significant for the political discussion of a ban on flavors for e-cigarettes, analogous to the ban on flavors in tobacco products already in force.
* geteilte Erstautorenschaft.
** Mitglied der Task Force Tabakentwöhnung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP).
Publikationsverlauf
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
08. März 2024
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