Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 2018; 18(04): 240-248
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1669485
Allergologie
Georg Thieme Verlag

Nahrungsmittelallergien und Anaphylaxie

Wer braucht wirklich einen Adrenalin-Autoinjektor?Food allergies and anaphylactic shockWhich child needs an epinephrine autoinjector?
C. Happle
1   Klinik für Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Allergologie und Neonatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
2   Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, Junge Akademie der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Eingereicht am: 29 March 2018

angenommen am: 05 April 2018

Publication Date:
17 August 2018 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Nahrungsmittelallergien sind der häufigste Auslöser für Anaphylaxien im Kindesalter. Auch wenn es in den vergangenen Jahren neue Daten zur Ätiologie und interessante Ansätze zur spezifischen Immuntherapie von Nahrungsmittelallergien gab, gibt es bisher keine Heilung. Die Behandlung besteht primär in Allergenkarenz und symptomatischer Medikation. Dabei kommt der Notfalltherapie eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Das Risiko plötzlich auftretender schwerer Symptome mit potenziell fatalem Ausgang kann für betroffene Patienten und ihre Familien eine starke Einschränkung ihrer Lebensqualität bedeuten. Schulungen im Erkennen und Umgang von Anaphylaxien und in der Anwendung eines Adrenalin-Autoinjektors sind für gefährdete Patienten essenziell. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt nach einer kurzen Einführung zu Pathophysiologie, Epidemiologie und Behandlung von Nahrungsmittelallergien einen aktuellen Überblick zur Literatur und zu Handlungsempfehlungen bei Nahrungsmittel-assoziierter Anaphylaxie. Er soll als Entscheidungshilfe im Hinblick auf die Verordnung eines Adrenalin-Autoinjektors bei Nahrungsmittelallergie dienen und gibt Empfehlungen für das Notfalltraining von Kindern und Familien mit Anaphylaxierisiko.

Summary

Food allergies are the main cause for anaphylactic reactions in childhood. Although recent data sheds new light on the etiology of food allergies and novel treatment approaches, there is no cure and clinical management mainly consists of allergen avoidance and symptomatic treatment. The imminent risk for anaphylactic reactions represents a constant burden for many patients and their families. Patients with a relevant risk for severe systemic reactions need to be prepared to apply effective emergency treatment at any time. In this regard, education on how to recognize severe reactions and apply emergency epinephrine treatment are key. The current article provides a short introduction on food allergies and anaphylaxis and summarizes current literature and German recommendations for epinephrine application in food allergy related anaphylactic shock in children. As such, it may support clinical decision making in pediatric children prone to food related systemic allergic reactions.

 
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