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Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2019; 23(05): 477-488
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693975
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Physiologic and Pathologic Development of the Infantile and Adolescent Hip Joint: Descriptive and Functional Aspects

Bernhard Heimkes 
1   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Orthopaedic Section, Klinikum Dritter Orden, Munich, Germany
2   Integrative Center for Cerebral Palsy (Stiftung ICP Munich), Munich, Germany
3   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
,
Veronika Wegener
2   Integrative Center for Cerebral Palsy (Stiftung ICP Munich), Munich, Germany
,
Christof Birkenmaier
3   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
,
Christian M. Ziegler
3   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
25 September 2019 (online)

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Abstract

The basic law of mechanobiology states that the external form and internal architecture of the skeleton and joints follow the functional stimuli that act upon them. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging reflect the loading history of the growing child, enabling an experienced radiologist to analyze the clinical functioning of patients by interpreting imaging studies. Concerning the hip joint, the physes of the coxal femoral end, the coxal femoral epiphysis with its epiphyseal growth plate, as well as the apophysis of the greater trochanter with its trochanteric growth plate, are the essential organ structures subject to internal forces. They determine the definitive geometric shape of the proximal femur. Indirectly they influence the appearance of the acetabulum and the centration of the hip joint.

Keywords

hip development - proximal femur - hip joint - mechanobiology - functional anatomy
 

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