PDF herunterladen
Horm Metab Res 2003; 35(11/12): 705-711
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-814156
Review
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Caloric Restriction and Insulin-like Growth Factors in Aging and Cancer

Ch.  Sell1
  • 1Lankenau Institute for Medical Research
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Received 2 September 2003

Accepted after Revision 15 October 2003

Publikationsdatum:
07. Januar 2004 (online)

Auch verfügbar auf
    Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

This review examines the influence of a reduction in caloric intake on cancer and longevity. Data indicating that rodents subjected to caloric restriction display lower tumor incidence, reduced susceptibility to carcinogens and extended lifespan is analyzed. The potential role of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-I) axis in this effect is discussed as is the evidence that a reduction in growth hormone and/or IGF-I leads to a reduction in spontaneous tumors and susceptibility to carcinogens.

Key words

Cancer - Aging - Insulin-like growth factor - Caloric restriction

References

  • 1 Moreschi C. Beziehung zwischen Ernährung und Tumorwachstum.  Z Immunitatsforsch. 1909;  2 651-675
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Rous P. The influence of diet on transplanted and spontaneous tumors.  Exp Med. 1914;  20 351-413
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Visscher M, Ball Z, Barnes R, Siverstein I. The influence of caloric restriction upon the incidence of spontaneous mammary carcinoma in mice.  Surgery. 1942;  11 48-55
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Ros MH BG. Lasting influence of early caloric restriction on prevalence of neoplasms in the rat.  J Natl Cancer Inst. 1971;  47 1095-1113
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Pugh T D, Oberley T D, Weindruch R. Dietary intervention at middle age: caloric restriction but not dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate increases lifespan and lifetime cancer incidence in mice.  Cancer Res. 1999;  59 1642-1648
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Tannenbaum A. The dependence of the genesis of skin tumors on the caloric intake during different stages of carcinogenesis.  Cancer Res. 1944;  9 673-677
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Tannenbaum A. The initiation and growth of tumors. Introduction. I. Effects of underfeeding.  Am J Cancer. 1940;  38 335-350
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Boissonneault GA EC, Pariza M W. Net energy effects of dietary fat on chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis in F344 rats.  J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986;  76 335-338
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Kritchevsky D, Weber M, Klurfeld D. Dietary fat versus caloric content in initiation and promotion of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats.  Cancer Res. 1984;  44 3174-3177
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Maeda H, Gleiser C A, Masoro E J, Murata I, McMahan C A, Yu B P. Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer 344 rats. II.  Pathology J Gerontol. 1985;  40 671-688
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 McCay C, Crowell M, Maynard L. The effect of retarded growth upon the length of life span and upon the ultimate body size.  J Nutr. 1935;  10 63-79
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Weindruch R, Walford R. The Retardation of Aging and Disease by Dietary Restriction. Springfield, IL; Thomas 1988
    Google Scholar
  • 13 Yu B P, Masoro E J, McMahan C A. Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer 344 rats. I. Physical, metabolic, and longevity characteristics.  J Gerontol. 1985;  40 657-670
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Finch C E, Ruvkun G. The genetics of aging.  Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2001;  2 435-462
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Kenyon C, Chang J, Gensch E, Rudner A, Tabtiang R. A C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type.  Nature. 1993;  366 461-464
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Kimura K D, Tissenbaum H A, Liu Y, Ruvkun G. daf-2, an insulin receptor-like gene that regulates longevity and diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans.  Science. 1997;  277 942-946
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Clancy D J, Gems D, Harshman L G. et al . Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila insulin receptor substrate protein.  Science. 2001;  292 104-106
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Tatar M, Kopelman A, Epstein D, Tu M P, Yin C M, Garofalo R S. A mutant Drosophila insulin receptor homolog that extends life-span and impairs neuroendocrine function.  Science. 2001;  292 107-110
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Tissenbaum H A, Ruvkun G. An insulin-like signaling pathway affects both longevity and reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans.  Genetics. 1998;  148 703-717
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Kenyon C. A conserved regulatory system for aging.  Cell. 2001;  105 165-168
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Flurkey K, Papaconstantinou J, Miller R A, Harrison D E. Lifespan extension and delayed immune and collagen aging in mutant mice with defects in growth hormone production.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;  98 6736-6741
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Brown-Borg H M, Borg K E, Meliska C J, Bartke A. Dwarf mice and the ageing process.  Nature. 1996;  384 33
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Coschigano K T, Clemmons D, Bellush L L, Kopchick J J. Assessment of growth parameters and life span of GHR/BP gene-disrupted mice.  Endocrinology. 2000;  141 2608-2613
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Lin C, Lin S C, Chang C P, Rosenfeld M G. Pit-1-dependent expression of the receptor for growth hormone releasing factor mediates pituitary cell growth.  Nature. 1992;  360 765-768
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Lin S C, Lin C R, Gukovsky I, Lusis A J, Sawchenko P E, Rosenfeld M G. Molecular basis of the little mouse phenotype and implications for cell type-specific growth.  Nature. 1993;  364 208-213
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Li S, Crenshaw E B 3rd, Rawson E J, Simmons D M, Swanson L W, Rosenfeld M G. Dwarf locus mutants lacking three pituitary cell types result from mutations in the POU-domain gene pit-1.  Nature. 1990;  347 528-533
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Mangalam H J, Albert V R, Ingraham H A. et al . A pituitary POU domain protein, Pit-1, activates both growth hormone and prolactin promoters transcriptionally.  Genes Dev. 1989;  3 946-958
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Bodner M, Castrillo J L, Theill L E, Deerinck T, Ellisman M, Karin M. The pituitary-specific transcription factor GHF-1 is a homeobox-containing protein.  Cell. 1988;  55 505-518
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Fox S R, Jong M T, Casanova J, Ye Z S, Stanley F, Samuels H H. The homeodomain protein, Pit-1/GHF-1, is capable of binding to and activating cell-specific elements of both the growth hormone and prolactin gene promoters.  Mol Endocrinol. 1990;  4 1069-1080
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Ingraham H A, Chen R P, Mangalam H J. et al . A tissue-specific transcription factor containing a homeodomain specifies a pituitary phenotype.  Cell. 1988;  55 519-529
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Dolle P, Castrillo J L, Theill L E, Deerinck T, Ellisman M, Karin M. Expression of GHF-1 protein in mouse pituitaries correlates both temporally and spatially with the onset of growth hormone gene activity.  Cell. 1990;  60 809-820
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Wilson D B, Wyatt D P. Immunocytochemistry of TSH cells during development of the dwarf mutant mouse.  Anat Embryol. 1986;  174 277-282
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Roux M, Bartke A, Dumont F, Dubois M P. Immunohistological study of the anterior pituitary gland - pars distalis and pars intermedia - in dwarf mice.  Cell Tissue Res. 1982;  223 415-420
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Zhou Y, Xu B C, Maheshwari H G. et al . A mammalian model for Laron syndrome produced by targeted disruption of the mouse growth hormone receptor/binding protein gene (the Laron mouse).  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;  94 13 215-13 220
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Bellush L L, Doublier S, Holland A N, Striker L J, Striker G E, Kopchick J J. Protection against diabetes-induced nephropathy in growth hormone receptor/binding protein gene-disrupted mice.  Endocrinology. 2000;  141 163-168
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Holzenberger M, Dupont J, Ducos B. et al . IGF-1 receptor regulates lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress in mice.  Nature. 2003;  421 182-187
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Breese C R, Ingram R L, Sonntag W E. Influence of age and long-term dietary restriction on plasma insulin- like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 gene expression, and IGF-1 binding proteins.  J Gerontol. 1991;  46 B180-187
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 D'Costa A P, Lenham J E, Ingram R L, Sonntag W E. Moderate caloric restriction increases type 1 IGF receptors and protein synthesis in aging rats.  Mech Ageing Dev. 1993;  71 59-71
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Florini J, Harned J, Richman R, Weiss J. Effect of rat age on serum levels of growth hormone and somatomedins.  Mech Aging Dev. 1981;  15 165-167
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Ruggeri B A, Klurfeld D M, Kritchevsky D, Furlanetto R W. Caloric restriction and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumor growth in rats: alterations in circulating insulin, insulin-like growth factors I and II, and epidermal growth factor.  Cancer Res. 1989;  49 4130-4134
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Smith A T, Underwood L E, Ben-Ezra V, McMurray R. The effect of exercise on plasma somatomedin-C/insulinlike rowth factor 1 concentrations.  Metabolism. 1987;  36 533-537
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Kaleko M, Rutter W J, Miller A D. Overexpression of the human insulin-like growth factor I receptor promotes ligand-dependent neoplastic transformation.  Mol Cell Biol. 1990;  10 464-473
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Sell C, Rubini M, Rubin R, Liu J P, Efstratiadis A, Baserga R. Simian virus 40 large tumor antigen is unable to transform mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;  90 11 217-11 221
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Sell C, Dumenil G, Deveaud C. et al . Effect of a null mutation of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene on growth and transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts.  Mol Cell Biol. 1994;  14 3604-3612
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Trojan J, Blossey B K, Johnson T R, Rudin S D, Tykocinski M, Ilan J. Loss of tumorigenicity of rat glioblastoma directed by episome-based antisense cDNA transcription of insulin-like growth factor I.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;  89 4874-4878
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Trojan J, Johnson T R, Rudin S D, Ilan J, Tykocinski M L. Treatment and prevention of rat glioblastoma by immunogenic C6 cells expressing antisense insulin-like growth factor I RNA [see comments].  Science. 1993;  259 94-97
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Shevelev A, Burfeind P, Schulze E. et al . Potential triple helix-mediated inhibition of IGF-I gene expression significantly reduces tumorigenicity of glioblastoma in an animal model.  Cancer Gene Ther. 1997;  4 105-112
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Resnicoff M, Sell C, Rubini M. et al . Rat glioblastoma cells expressing an antisense RNA to the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor are nontumorigenic and induce regression of wild-type tumors.  Cancer Res. 1994;  54 2218-2222
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Resnicoff M, Coppola D, Sell C, Rubin R, Ferrone S, Baserga R. Growth inhibition of human melanoma cells in nude mice by antisense strategies to the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor.  Cancer Res. 1994;  54 4848-4850
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Andrews D W, Resnicoff M, Flanders A E. et al . Results of a pilot study involving the use of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide directed against the insulin-like growth factor type I receptor in malignant astrocytomas.  J Clin Oncol. 2001;  19 2189-2200
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Dunn S E, Kari F W, French J. et al . Dietary restriction reduces insulin-like growth factor I levels, which modulates apoptosis, cell proliferation, and tumor progression in p53- deficient mice.  Cancer Res. 1997;  57 4667-4672
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 DiGiovanni J, Kiguchi K, Frijhoff A. et al . Deregulated expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 in prostate epithelium leads to neoplasia in transgenic mice.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;  97 3455-3460
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 DiGiovanni J, Bol D K, Wilker E. et al . Constitutive expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 in epidermal basal cells of transgenic mice leads to spontaneous tumor promotion.  Cancer Res. 2000;  60 1561-1570
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Wu Y, Yakar S, Zhao L, Hennighausen L, LeRoith D. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I levels regulate colon cancer growth and metastasis.  Cancer Res. 2002;  62 1030-1035
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Fukuda R, Hirota K, Fan F, Jung Y D, Ellis L M, Semenza G L. Insulin-like growth factor 1 induces hypoxia-inducible factor 1-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor expression, which is dependent on MAP kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in colon cancer cells.  J Biol Chem. 2002;  277 38 205-38 211
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 Wu Y, Cui K, Miyoshi K. et al . Reduced circulating insulin-like growth factor I levels delay the onset of chemically and genetically induced mammary tumors.  Cancer Res. 2003;  63 4384-4388
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 57 Ramsey M M, Ingram R L, Cashion A B. et al . Growth hormone-deficient dwarf animals are resistant to dimethylbenzanthracine (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis.  Endocrinology. 2002;  143 4139-4142
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 Jiang W, Zhu Z, Thompson H J. Effect of energy restriction on cell cycle machinery in 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinomas in rats.  Cancer Res. 2003;  63 1228-1234
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 59 Ikeno Y, Bronson R T, Hubbard G B, Lee S, Bartke A. Delayed occurrence of fatal neoplastic diseases in ames dwarf mice: correlation to extended longevity.  J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003;  58 291-296
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Roth G, Ingram D, Lane M. Caloric restriction in primates and relevance to humans.  Ann NY Acad Sci. 2000;  928 305-315
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 61 Ramsey J, Colman R, Binkley N. et al . Dietary restriction and aging in rhesus monkeys: the University of Wisconsin study.  Exp Gerontol. 2000;  35 1131-1149
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Roberts S B, Pi-Sunyer X, Kuller L. et al . Physiologic effects of lowering caloric intake in nonhuman primates and nonobese humans.  J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;  56 66-75
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 63 LeRoith D, Roberts C J. The insulin-like growth factor system and cancer.  Cancer Lett. 2003;  195 127-137
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Woodson K, Tangrea J A, Pollak M. et al . Serum insulin-like growth factor I: tumor marker or etiologic factor? A prospective study of prostate cancer among Finnish men.  Cancer Res. 2003;  63 3991-3994
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Gao W Q, Shinsky N, Ingle G, Beck K, Elias K A, Powell-Braxton L. IGF-I deficient mice show reduced peripheral nerve conduction velocities and decreased axonal diameters and respond to exogenous IGF-I treatment.  J Neurobiol. 1999;  39 142-152
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Lembo G, Rockman H A, Hunter J J. et al . Elevated blood pressure and enhanced myocardial contractility in mice with severe IGF-1 deficiency.  J Clin Invest. 1996;  98 2648-2655
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Migliaccio E, Giorgio M, Mele S, Pelicci G, Reboldi P, Pandolfi P P, Lanfrancone L, Pelicci P G. The p66shc adaptor protein controls oxidative stress response and life span in mammals.  Nature. 1999;  402 309-313
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Bugni J M, Poole T M, Drinkwater N R. The little mutation suppresses DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice and abrogates genetic and hormonal modulation of susceptibility.  Carcinogenesis. 2001;  22 1853-1862
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Yang X F, Beamer W G, Huynh H, Pollak M. Reduced growth of human breast cancer xenografts in hosts homozygous for the lit mutation.  Cancer Res. 1996;  56 1509-1511
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

Ch. Sell

Lankenau Institute for Medical Research

100 Lancaster Ave · Wynnewood · PA 19096 · USA ·

Telefon: +01(610)645-8521

Fax: +01(610)645-2205

eMail: sellc@mlhs.org