Aktuelle Rheumatologie 2007; 32(2): 78-85
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963079
Original | Originalarbeit

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

The Oral Health of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Niigata, Japan

Mundgesundheit bei Patienten mit Rheumatoider Arthritis in Niigata, JapanA. Murasawa1 , R. W. Evans2 , A. Murasawa3 , C. C. Peck2 , P. Ottl4
  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
  • 2Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Sydney, Australia
  • 3Niigata Rheumatic Center, Niigata, Japan
  • 4Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School (ZZMK), J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
26 April 2007 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Fragestellung: Die Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Studie bestand darin, den Einfluss einer bestehenden rheumatoiden Arthritis auf die Mundgesundheit und die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität zu untersuchen. Insbesondere sollten ein Status zur oralen Gesundheit erhoben, der Zustand der Kiefergelenke beurteilt sowie die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität ermittelt und in der Folge die Korrelation zwischen diesen Variablen untersucht werden. Patienten und Methode: Die untersuchte Stichprobe bestand aus 74 stationären und 26 ambulanten Patienten (76 Frauen, 24 Männer), die das „Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinic at Senami Hospital,” Niigata, Japan aufsuchten. Von April bis Juni 2004 wurden die Patienten schriftlich gebeten, an einer Erhebung zur oralen Gesundheit teilzunehmen. Es erfolgten die Durchführung eines enoralen Befundes und eine klinische Bewertung des Zustands der Kiefergelenke. Ergänzend wurde eine strukturierte Befragung zur Mundgesundheit, zur mundgesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität sowie zu den alltäglichen Beschäftigungen durchgeführt. Die Daten, die sich auf die rheumatoide Arthritis und die Medikation bezogen, wurden der entsprechenden Krankenakte entnommen. Ergebnisse: Bei den Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis wurde ein mangelhafter Zustand hinsichtlich der Mundgesundheit festgestellt. Mehr als die Hälfte der Patienten berichtete über Schwierigkeiten bei der Zahnpflege aufgrund der rheumatoiden Arthritis und wies Schmerzen bei der Kaufunktion auf. Bei ca. 30 % der Stichprobe lag eine Mundtrockenheit vor. Beinah 50 % der Patienten gaben anamnestisch Kiefer-/Gesichtsschmerzen an. Etwa 30 % der untersuchten Personen besaß eine eingeschränkte maximale Mundöffnung. Die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität war signifikant korreliert mit der Anzahl an geschwollenen Gelenken. Es bestand ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen einer mangelhaften Mundgesundheit und einer funktionellen Behinderung aufgrund des Vorliegens einer rheumatoiden Arthritis. Schlussfolgerungen: Aus der vorliegenden Studie kann der Schluss gezogen werden, dass das Bestehen einer rheumatoiden Arthritis einen ungünstigen Einfluss auf die Mundgesundheit sowie den Zustand der Kiefergelenke besitzt und die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität reduziert. Patienten mit einer rheumatoiden Arthritis weisen zahlreiche Probleme im kraniomandibulären System auf, die von vermeidbaren Zahn-, Mund-, Kieferkrankheiten herrühren. Zusätzliche zahnärztliche Maßnahmen wie z. B. präventive Therapie, Fluoridierung, Physiotherapie des Kiefergelenks, Ernährungsberatung und ein häufigerer Recall sollten in Erwägung gezogen werden.

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rheumatoid arthritis on oral health and oral health-related quality of life. The specific objectives were to measure oral health status, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) status, and oral health-related quality of life, and then to investigate the relationships between these variables. Patients and Methods: The study population comprised 74 in-patients and 26 out-patients attending the Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinic at Senami Hospital in Niigata, Japan from April to June 2004. Participants underwent a clinical assessment of their oral and temporomandibular joint status. They were also interviewed about oral health, oral health-related quality of life, and activities of daily living. Information on rheumatoid arthritis status and medications was obtained from their medical records. Results: Poor oral health conditions were observed in the rheumatoid arthritis patients. More than half of the patients reported having had difficulty in brushing their teeth due to rheumatoid arthritis, and experienced pain when chewing. Approximately 30 % of the sample reported dry mouth symptoms. Nearly 50 % reported having had experience of temporomandibular joint pain, and nearly 30 % had difficulties in mouth opening. Oral health-related quality of life was significantly associated with the number of swollen joints. Poor oral health was significantly associated with the functional disability that was related to rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: In this study of 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Niigata, it was concluded that rheumatoid arthritis has an unfavorable impact on oral health; temporomandibular joint health; and that it reduces oral health-related quality of life. Rheumatoid arthritis patients present with many oral problems that stem from preventable oral diseases. Additional oral care such as preventive treatment, fluoride therapy, physical temporomandibular joint therapy, dietary instruction, and more frequent recall, may be required.

References

  • 1 Arneberg P, Bjertness E, Storhaug K. et al . Remaining teeth, oral dryness and dental health habits in middle-aged Norwegian rheumatoid arthritis patients.  Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1992;  2 292-296
  • 2 Arnett F C, Edworthy S M, Bloch D A. et al . The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis.  Arthr and Rheum. 1988;  31 315-324
  • 3 Cotran R S, Robbins S L, Kumar V. Robbins pathologic basis of disease. Philadelphia; WB Saunders Company 1994 5th Edition: 1249-1253
  • 4 Dini E L, McGrath C, Bedi R. An evaluation of the oral health quality of life (OHQoL) instrument in a Brazilian population.  Community Dent Health. 2003;  20 40-44
  • 5 Ericson S. The prevalence of hyposalivation in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to the sialographic appearance of the parotid glands.  Oral Surg. 1974;  38 315-331
  • 6 Ettala-Ylitolo U M, Syrjanen S, Halonen P. Functional disturbances of the masticatory system related to temporomandibular joint involvement by rheumatoid arthritis.  J Oral Rehab. 1987;  14 415-427
  • 7 Fox P C, Busch K A, Baum B J. Subjective reports of xerostomia and objective measures of salivary gland performance.  J Amer Dent Ass. 1987;  115 581-584
  • 8 Geterud A, Bake B, Bjelle A. et al . Swallowing problems in rheumatoid arthritis.  Acta Oto-Laryngol. 1991;  111 1153-1161
  • 9 Gleissner C, Kaesser U, Dehne F. et al . Temporomandibular joint function in patients with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis - I. Role of periodontal status and prosthetic care - a clinical study.  Europ J Med Res. 2003;  8 98-108
  • 10 Hochberg M C, Chang R W, Dwosh I. et al . The American College of Rheumatology 1991 revised criteria for the classification of global functional status in rheumatoid arthritis.  Arthr and Rheum. 1991;  35 498-502
  • 11 Iwamoto Y, Takano Y, Negina T. Current issues and problem areas with oral care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.  J Kyushu Rheuma. 2003;  23 123-127
  • 12 Larheim T A, Storhaug K, Tveito L. Temporomandibular joint involvement and dental occlusion in a group of adults with rheumatoid arthritis.  Acta Odont Scand. 1983;  41 301-309
  • 13 Larheim T A, Floystrand F. Temporomandibular joint abnormalities and bite force in a group of adults with rheumatoid arthritis.  J Oral Rehab. 1985;  12 477-482
  • 14 Laurell L, Hugoson A, Hakansson J. et al . General oral status in adults with rheumatoid arthritis.  Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1989;  17 230-233
  • 15 McGrath C, Bedi R. An evaluation of a new measure of oral health related quality of life - OHQoL-UK(W).  Community Dent Hlth. 2001;  18 138-143
  • 16 McGrath C, Alkhatib M N, Al-Munif M. et al . Translation and validation of an Arabic version of the UK oral health related quality of life measure (OHQoL-UK) in Syria, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.  Community Dent Hlth. 2003;  2 241-245
  • 17 McGrath C, Bedi R. Measuring the Impact of oral health on quality of Life in Britain using OHQoL-UK(W).  J Pub Hlth Dent. 2003;  63 73-77
  • 18 Mercado F B, Marshall R I, Klestov A C. et al . Is there a relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease?.  J Clin Periodontol. 2000;  27 267-272
  • 19 Mercado F B, Marshall R I, Klestov A C. et al . Relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis.  JPeriodontol. 2001;  72 779-787
  • 20 Mizutani H, Shinozuka J, Mera K. et al . Rheumatoid arthritis and temporomandibular its clinical course and radiographic changes.-joint .  J Jap Oral Surg Inst. 1985;  31 2421-2431
  • 21 Nederfors T, Holmstrom G, Paulsson G. et al . The relation between xerostomia and hyposalivation in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis or fibromyalgia.  Swed Dent J. 2002;  26 1-7
  • 22 Pincus T, Summey J A, Soraci S A. et al . Assessment of patient satisfaction in activities of daily living using a modified Stanford health assessment questionnaire.  Arth and Rheum. 1983;  26 1346-1353
  • 23 Read P W, Fernandes L, Harris P. et al . Dental study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.  Rheumatol Rehab. 1981;  20 108-112
  • 24 Reisine S, Tanzer J M. Xerostomia and its effect on well being in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.  J Rheumatol. 1994;  21 378-380
  • 25 Risheim H, Arneberg P, Birkhed D. Oral sugar clearance and root caries prevalence in rheumatic patients with dry mouth symptoms.  Caries Res. 1992;  26 439-444
  • 26 Risheim H, Kjaerheim V, Arneberg P. Improvement of oral hygiene in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.  Scand J Dent Res. 1992;  100 172-175
  • 27 Russell S L, Reisine S. Investigation of Xerostomia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.  J Amer Dent Ass. 1998;  129 733-739
  • 28 Sato H, Fujii H, Takada H. et al . The temporomandibular joint in rheumatoid arthritis - a comparative clinical and tomographic study pre- and post-prosthesis.  J Oral Rehab. 1990;  17 165-172
  • 29 Sjostrom L, Laurell L, Hugoson A. et al . Periodontal conditions in adults with rheumatoid arthritis.  Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1989b;  17 234-236
  • 30 Snyderman R, McCarty G A. Analogous mechanism of tissue destruction in rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. Genco, RJ, Mergenhagen SE Host-parasite Interactions in Periodontal Diseases Washington DC; American Society for Microbiology 1982: 354-362
  • 31 Steinbrocker O, Traeger C H, Batterman R C. Therapeutic criteria in rheumatoid arthritis.  J Amer Med Ass. 1949;  140 659-662
  • 32 Syrjanen S M. The temporomandibular joint in rheumatoid arthritis.  Acta Radiol Diagn. 1985;  26 235-243
  • 33 Talal J. Sjögren’s syndrome and connective tissue disease with other immunologic disorders. McCarty DJ Arthritis and allied conditions Philadelphia; Lea & Febiger 1979 9th ed: 810-824
  • 34 Tegelberg A, Kopp S. Clinical findings in the stomatognathic system for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis.  Acta Odontol Scand. 1987a; 
  • 35 Tegelberg A, Kopp S. Subjective symptoms from the stomatognathic system in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis.  Swed Dent J. 1987;  11 11-22
  • 36 Tegelberg A, Kopp S, Huddenius K. et al . Relationship between disorder in the stomatognathic system and general joint involvement in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.  Acta Odontol Scand. 1987;  45 391-398
  • 37 Tegelberg A, Kopp S. Short-term effect of physical training on temporomandibular joint disorder in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.  Acta Odontol Scand. 1988;  46 49-56
  • 38 Tolo K, Jorkend L. Serum antibodies and loss of periodontal bone in the patients with RA.  J Clin Periodontol. 1990;  17 288-291
  • 39 Voog U, Alstergren P, Leibur E. et al . Impact of temporomandibular joint pain on activities of daily living in patients arthritis.  Acta Odontol Scand. 2003;  61 278-282
  • 40 Yokoe H, Watanabe T, Uchiiyama S. et al . Clinical study for temporomandibular joint disorder in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.  Chiba med sci. 2002;  78 83-86
  • 41 Yokoyama Y, Kawai A, Inoue H. et al . A clinical study of temporomandibular joint in RA patients.  Orthopedics. 1988;  39 346-350

1 Central + defines the median, box ends define the 25th & 75th percentiles, and whiskers define 10th & 90th percentiles. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (Rs) = - 0.29, p value = 0.003.

2 Central + defines the median, box ends define the 25th & 75th percentiles, and whiskers define 10th & 90th percentiles. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (Rs) = 0.56, p value < 0.0001.

3 Central + defines the median, box ends define the 25th & 75th percentiles, and whiskers define 10th & 90th percentiles. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (Rs) = - 0.39, p value < 0.0001.

Akira Murasawa, M.D.

Niigata Rheumatic Center

1 - 2 - 8 Honcho

Shibata-shi

Niigata 957 - 0054

Japan

Phone: ++81/2 54/23 77 51

Fax: ++81/2 54/23 77 62

Email: master@ra-center.com

    >