Download PDF
Nervenheilkunde 2019; 38(09): 651-656
DOI: 10.1055/a-0936-3433
Schwerpunkt
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Adulte Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen

Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and personality disorders
Christian Jacob
1   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, medius Klinik Kirchheim, Kirchheim unter Teck
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
04 September 2019 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Betroffene von adulte Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörungen (aADHS) weisen hohe Komorbidität mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen aus allen 3 Clustern auf, dem eigentümlich-exzentrischen Cluster A, dem emotional-launischen Cluster B und dem ängstlich-furchtsamen Cluster C. Die Komorbidität von aADHS und Persönlichkeitsstörungen ist sowohl in klinischen als auch in nicht klinischen Stichproben deutlich erhöht. Inkonsistent sind die Befunde, welche der Cluster B Persönlichkeitsstörungen dissoziale, Borderline, histrionische oder narzisstische Persönlichkeitsstörungen die höchste Komorbidität aufweisen. Die Komorbiditätsbeziehungen werden kontrovers diskutiert. Es gibt Hinweise auf eine hohe psychosoziale Relevanz der Komorbidität von aADHS mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen.

ABSTRACT

Probands affected with adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (aADHD) show high comorbidity with personality disorders from all three clusters, the odd-eccentric cluster A, the dramatic, emotional, erratic cluster B and the anxious-fearful cluster C. The comorbidity of aADHD and personality disorders is increased in both clinical and non-clinical samples. There are inconsistent findings, which the most prevalent Cluster B personality disorder (antisocial, borderline, histrionic or narcissistic personality disorder) might be. The comorbidity relationships are under current discussion. There is evidence of high psychosocial relevance of the comorbidity of aADHS with personality disorders.

Schlüsselwörter

aADHS - Komorbidität - Persönlichkeitsstörungen

Key words

aADHD - comorbidity - personality disorders
 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Anckarsater H, Stahlberg O, Larson T. et al The impact of ADHD and autism spectrum disorders on temperament, character, and personality development. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2006; 163: 1239-1244
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Bernardi S, Faraone S V, Cortese S. et al The lifetime impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Psychological Medicine 2011; 42: 875-887
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Biederman J, Faraone SV, Monuteaux MC. et al Gender effects on attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults, revisited. Biological Psychiatry 2004; 55: 692-700
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Biederman J, Faraone S V, Spencer T. et al Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150: 1792-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Burket R C, Sajid M W, Wasiak M. et al Personality comorbidity in adolescent females with ADHD. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 2005; 11: 131-136
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Coolidge FL, Thede LL, Young SE. Heritability and the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with behavioral disorders and executive function deficits: a preliminary investigation. Dev Neuropsychol 2000; 17: 273-87
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Cumyn L, French L, Hechtman L. Comorbidity in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2009; 54: 673-683
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 De Zwaan M, Gruss B, Müller A. et al The estimated prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in a German community sample. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 2012; 262 (01) 79-86
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Dilling H, Mombour W, Schmidt MH. et al Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen. ICD 10. Weltgesundheitsorganisation. Göttingen: Huber; 1991; 214-215
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Ferrer M, Andión O, Matalí J. et al Comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in borderline patients defines an impulsive subtype of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders 2010; 24 (06) 812-22
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Fischer M, Barkley R A, Smallish L. et al Young adult follow-up of hyperactive children: Self-reported psychiatric disorders, comorbidity, and the role of childhood conduct problems and teen CD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2002; 30: 463-475
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Fossati A, Novella L, Donati D. et al History of childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and borderline personality disorder: A controlled study. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2002; 43: 369-377
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Groß-Lesch S, Dempfle A, Reichert S. et al Sex- and Subtype-Related Differences in the Comorbidity of Adult ADHDs. J Atten Disord 2016; 20 (010) 855-66
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Helgeland MI, Kjelsberg E, Torgersen S. Continuities between emotional and disruptive behavior disorders in adolescence and personality disorders in adulthood. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2005; 162: 1941-1947
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Jacob CP. Delinquenz und Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Krankenhauspsychiatrie 2000; 11: 134-37
    Article in Thieme ConnectGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Jacob CP, Gross-Lesch S, Reichert S. et al Sex- and Subtype-Related Differences of Personality Disorders (Axis II) and Personality Traits in Persistent ADHD. J Atten Disord 2016; 20 (012) 1056-106
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Jacob CP, Lesch KP. The Wuerzburg research initiative on adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (WURIN-AADHD): Multi-layered evaluation of long-term course. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006; 256 (Suppl. 01) 112-20
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Jacob C, Nguyen TT, Weißflog L. et al PPP2R2C as a candidate gene of a temperament and character trait based endophenotype of ADHD. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord 2012; 4 (03) 145-52
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Jacob CP, Nguyen TT, Dempfle A. et al A gene-environment investigation on personality traits in two independent clinical sets of adult patients with personality disorder and attention deficit/hyper-activity disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010; 260 (04) 317-26
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Jacob C, Romanos J, Dempfle A. et al Co-morbidity of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with focus on personality traits and related disorders in a tertiary referral center. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007; 257 (06) 309-17
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Kessler RC, Adler L, Barkley R. et al The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163: 716-23
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Krause J, Krause HJ. ADHS im Erwachsenenalter. Stuttgart: Schattauer; 2003
    Google Scholar
  • 23 Kuja-Halkola R, Lind Juto K, Skoglund C. et al Do borderline personality disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder co-ggregate in families? A population-based study of 2 million Swedes. Mol Psychiatry 2018 Oct 15; ePub
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Mannuzza S, Klein R G, Bessler A. et al Adult outcome of hyperactive boys. Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status. Archives of General Psychiatry 1993; 50: 565-576
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Mannuzza S, Klein RG, Bessler A. et al Adult psychiatric status of hyperactive boys grown up. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 493-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Matthies S, Tebartz van Elst L. et al Severity of childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder – a risk factor for personality disorders in adult life?. Journal of Personality Disorders 2011; 25 (01) 101-14
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Moffitt TE. Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy. Psychol Rev 1993; 100: 674-701
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Philipsen A, Feige B, Hesslinger B. et al Borderline typical symptoms in adult patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 2009; 1: 11-18
    Google Scholar
  • 29 Philipsen A, Limberger M F, Lieb K. et al Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a potentially aggravating factor in borderline personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 2008; 192 (02) 118-23
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Rasmussen P, Gillberg C. Natural outcome of ADHD with developmental coordination disorder at age 22 years: A controlled, longitudinal, community-based study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2001; 39: 1424-1431
    Google Scholar
  • 31 Retz W, Retz-Junginger P, Hengesch G. et al Psychometric and psychopathological characterization of young male prison inmates with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience 2004; 254: 201-208
    Google Scholar
  • 32 Robins LN. Study of childhood predictors of adult antisocial behavior: Replication from longitudinal studies. Psychological Medicine 1978; 8: 811-816
    Google Scholar
  • 33 Saß H, Wittchen H-U, Zaudig M. Diagnostisches und statistisches Manual psychischer Störungen; DSM- IV. Göttingen: Hogrefe Verlag; 1996; 729-734
    Google Scholar
  • 34 Sobanski E. Psychiatric comorbidity in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience 2006; 256 (Suppl. 01) i26-i31
    Google Scholar
  • 35 Speranza M, Revah-Levy A, Cortese S. et al ADHD in adolescents with borderline personality disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2011; 11: 158
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Tahir E, Yazgan Y, Cirakoglu B. et al Association and linkage of DRD4 and DRD5 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a sample of Turkish children. Mol Psychiatry 2000; 396-404
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Taylor E, Chadwick O, Heptinstall E. et al Hyperactivity and conduct problems as risk factors for adolescent development. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996; 35: 1213-26
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Torgersen S, Kringlen E, Cramer V. The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 590-6
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Van Dijk FE, Lappenschaar M, Kan CC. et al Symptomatic overlap between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and borderline personality disorder in women: the role of temperament and character traits. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2012; 53 (01) 39-47
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Von Polier GG, Vloet TD, Herpertz-Dahlmann B. ADHD and delinquency-a developmental perspective. Behavior Sciences and the Law 2012; 30 (02) 121-39
    Google Scholar
  • 41 Weißflog L, Scholz CJ, Jacob CP. et al KCNIP4 as a candidate gene for personality disorders and adult ADHD. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012 Sep 13. pii: S0924-977X(12)00214–3
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Weiss G, Hechtman L, Milroy T. et al Psychiatric status of hyperactives as adults: A controlled prospective 15-year follow-up of 63 hyperactive children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1985; 24: 211-220
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar