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Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43(04): 472-484
DOI: 10.1055/a-2207-9834
Review Article

Biliary Tract Cancer: Molecular Biology of Precursor Lesions

Fátima Manzano-Núñez
1   de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
,
Lara Prates Tiago Aguilar
1   de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
,
Christine Sempoux
2   Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
,
Frédéric P. Lemaigre
1   de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), grant Télévie 7.8505.21, the Fonds Joseph Maisin, grants 2020-2021 and 2022-2023, and the Foundation against Cancer, grant 2018-078. LTPA is Research fellow of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), fellowship 1.A.424.24F.
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Abstract

Biliary tract cancer is a devastating malignancy of the bile ducts and gallbladder with a dismal prognosis. The study of precancerous lesions has received considerable attention and led to a histopathological classification which, in some respects, remains an evolving field. Consequently, increasing efforts have been devoted to characterizing the molecular pathogenesis of the precursor lesions, with the aim of better understanding the mechanisms of tumor progression, and with the ultimate goal of meeting the challenges of early diagnosis and treatment. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms that initiate and promote the development of precursor lesions of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and of gallbladder carcinoma. It addresses the genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic landscape of these precursors and provides an overview of animal and organoid models used to study them. In conclusion, this review summarizes the known molecular features of precancerous lesions in biliary tract cancer and highlights our fragmentary knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of tumor initiation.

Keywords

cholangiocarcinoma - gallbladder cancer - tumor progression - animal model - organoid


Publication History

Accepted Manuscript online:
09 November 2023

Article published online:
15 December 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

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