Altersbedingte Makuladegeneration in einer alternden Gesellschaft – aktuelle epidemiologische Forschungsansätze und Erkenntnisse

Zusammenfassung

Epidemiologische Studien zur altersbedingten Makuladegeneration (AMD) liefern zentrale Daten zu den Häufigkeiten der Früh- bzw. Spätformen sowie zu assoziierten Risikofaktoren. Durch die stetig steigende Anzahl an populationsbasierten Querschnittstudien sowie longitudinalen Kohortenstudien in Deutschland und Europa mit publizierten Daten werden die Schätzer zur Prävalenz bzw. Inzidenz der AMD immer robuster. Sie zeigen allerdings, großenteils methodisch bedingte, Schwankungen. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit werden die aktuellsten publizierten epidemiologischen Maßzahlen zur AMD aus Deutschland und Zentral- bzw. Westeuropa zusammengetragen. Basierend auf diesen Daten sowie den Bevölkerungszahlen für Deutschland und Europa erfolgt eine Hochrechnung sowie Zukunftsprognose der Prävalenz. Die epidemiologische Evidenz zu AMD-assoziierten Risikofaktoren wird ebenfalls verbessert, vor allem durch Metaanalysen im Rahmen großer Konsortien mit entsprechend hohen Fallzahlen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel fasst neuste Erkenntnisse und daraus ableitbare Verhaltensempfehlungen als Präventionsansätze zusammen. Außerdem wird auf Therapieoptionen und zukünftige Herausforderungen eingegangen.

Schlüsselwörter

altersbedingte Makuladegeneration (AMD) - Prävalenz - Inzidenz - Risikofaktoren - populationsbasierte Studien - Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Publication History

Received: 26 April 2023

Accepted: 22 May 2023

Article published online:
04 September 2023

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