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Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 2010; 5(1): 47-53
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1224724
Originalarbeit

© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ˙ New York

Intima-Media-Dicke (IMT) und das kardiovaskuläre Risiko bei Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus

Intima-Media-Thickness (IMT) and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes MellitusC. Allwardt1 , E. Zander1 , J. Reindel1 , P. Heinke2 , K.-D. Kohnert2 , N. Krohn1 , W. Kerner1
  • 1Klinik für Diabetes und Stoffwechselkrankheiten, Klinikum Karlsburg
  • 2Institut für Diabetes „Gerhardt Katsch“ e. V. Karlsburg
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Publication Date:
24 February 2010 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Ein wichtiger Surrogatparameter für das erhöhte kardiovaskuläre Krankheitsrisiko des Typ-1-Diabetes ist eine verbreiterte Intima-Media-Schicht (IMT). In Fortsetzung früherer Studien zur Wertigkeit kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren war es das Ziel, in dieser Querschnittsstudie an 310 gut charakterisierten Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes die Beziehungen der IMT zum kardiovaskulären Risiko und zur Morbidität zu untersuchen. Eine Einteilung der Studienpopulation in Tertilen erfolgte entsprechend der IMT: ≤ 0,06 (Gruppe 0, 120 Patienten): 0,05 ± 0,08; 0,065–0,075 (Gruppe I, 83 Patienten): 0,069 ± 0,029; ≥ 0,08 (Gruppe II, 107 Patienten): 0,094 ± 0,036. Die Studienkohorte hatte ein mittleres Alter von 50,7 Jahren, eine Diabetesdauer von 23,8 Jahren, einen HbA1c von 8,38 % und einen BMI von 27,2 kg / cm2. Unter den 107 Patienten mit einer verbreiterten IMT (Gruppe II) waren 62 männliche Patienten (57,9 %, p < 0,01). Diese Patienten hatten ein mittleres Alter von 60,6 Jahren (p < 0,01), eine Diabetesdauer von 29,6 Jahren (p < 0,01), ein Diabetesmanifestationsalter von 30,9 Jahren (p < 0,01), einen BMI von 28,3 kg / cm2 (p < 0,01), einen Bauchumfang von 101,9 cm (p < 0,01), einen mittleren systolischen RR von 127 mmHg (p < 0,01) und einen mittleren diastolischen RR von 71 mmHg (p < 0,01). Die Prävalenzen an Hypertonus (92,5 %, p < 0,01), früheren Rauchern (27,4 %, p < 0,05), proliferativer Retinopathie (28,2 %, p < 0,01), Makulopathie (19,0 %, p < 0,05), diabetischem Fußsyndrom (7,5 %, p < 0,05), Neuropathiesymtomen (52,9 %, p < 0,01), HLP (77,4 %, p < 0,01), KHK (30,3 %, p < 0,01) und pAVK (33,6 %, p < 0,01) waren erhöht. In den univariaten Korrelationen bestanden signifikante Beziehungen zu Alter, Diabetesdauer, Diabetesmanifestationsalter, Körpergewicht, BMI, Bauchumfang, Serumkreatinin und systolischem Blutdruck (für alle p < 0,01). Die multiple logistische Korrelation zeigte unabhängige signifikante Beziehungen der verdickten IMT zum männlichen Geschlecht (OR 3,0, p < 0,01), Alter (OR 1,20, p < 0,01), Bauchumfang (OR 1,05, p < 0,05), früheren Rauchen (OR 4,7, p < 0,01), pAVK (OR 4,14, p < 0,01) und Neuropathie (OR 0,12, p < 0,01). Die verbreiterte IMT verdeutlicht beim Typ-1-Diabetes ein erhöhtes kardiovaskuläres Risiko bei erhöhten klassischen und modifizierbaren Risikofaktoren und erhöhter kardiovaskulärer Morbidität. 

Abstract

Increased IMT is an important surrogate parameter for increased cardiovascular morbidity. In continuation of previous studies, it was the aim of present cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationship of IMT with cardiovascular risk and morbidity in a cohort of 310 well characterized type 1 diabetic patients. According to IMT, patients were divided into tertiles: ≤ 0.06 (group 0, 120 patients): 0.05 ± 0.08; 0.065 – 0.075 (group I, 83 patients): 0.069 ± 0.029; ≥ 0.08 (group II, 107 patients): 0.094 ± 0.036. The study population had a mean age of 50.7 years, diabetes duration of 23.8 years, HbA1c of 8.38 %, and BMI of 27.2 kg / cm2. Among the 107 patients of group II 62 patients were of male sex (57.9 %, p < 0.01). These patients were characterized by a mean age of 60.6 years (p < 0.01), mean diabetes duration of 29.6 years (p < 0.01), mean age of disease manifestation of 30.9 years (p < 0.01), BMI of 28.3 (p < 0.01), mean waist circumference of 101.9 cm (p < 0.01), mean systolic BP of 127 mmHg (p < 0.01), mean diastolic BP of 71 mmHg (p < 0.01). There were increased prevalences of hypertension (92.5 %, p < 0.01), smoking history (27.4 %, p < 0.05), proliferative retinopathy (28.2 %, p < 0.01), maculopathy (19.0 %, p < 0.05), diabetic foot syndrome (7.5 %, p < 0.05), diabetic neuropathy (52.9 %, p < 0.01), hyperlipoproteinemia (77.4 %, p < 0.01), coronary artery disease (30.3 %, p < 0.01), and peripheral vascular disease (33.6 %, p < 0.01). As shown by univariate correlation analysis (Spearman’ Rho) IMT was significantly related to age, diabetes duration, age of diabetes manifestation, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, serum creatinine and systolic blood pressure (for all p < 0.01). In multiple logistic regression analysis IMT was independently associated with male sex (OR 3.0, p < 0.01), age (OR 1.2, p < 0.01), waist circumference (OR 1.05, p < 0.05), smoking history (OR 4.7, p < 0.01), peripheral arterial disease (OR 4.1, p < 0.01), and neuropathy (OR 0.12, p < 0.01). In type 1 diabetes, increased IMT was found to be associated with cardiovascular risk as indicated by both increased concentrations of classic and modifiable atherosclerosis risk factors, and cardiovascular morbidity. 

Schlüsselwörter

Intima-Media-Dicke - Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus - kardiovaskuläres Risiko - kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen

Key words

intima-media-thickness - type 1 diabetes mellitus - cardiovascular risk - cardiovascular morbidity

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PD Dr. med. Eckhard Zander

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