Download PDF
Semin Neurol 2016; 36(05): 442-448
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1585450
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Headache

Amy R. Tso
1   Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
,
Peter J. Goadsby
2   NIHR-Wellcome Trust King's Clinical Research Facility, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
23 September 2016 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Headache disorders are primarily managed in an outpatient setting; therefore, the authors focus on the primary headache disorders that comprise the bulk of clinical practice. Red flags for secondary headaches that may be more commonly encountered in clinic are briefly discussed.

Keywords

headache - diagnosis - treatment - migraine
 

  • References

  • 1 Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015; 386 (9995) 743-800
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Buse DC, Loder EW, Gorman JA , et al. Sex differences in the prevalence, symptoms, and associated features of migraine, probable migraine and other severe headache: results of the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) Study. Headache 2013; 53 (8) 1278-1299
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Russell MB, Rasmussen BK, Thorvaldsen P, Olesen J. Prevalence and sex-ratio of the subtypes of migraine. Int J Epidemiol 1995; 24 (3) 612-618
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Rasmussen BK, Olesen J. Migraine with aura and migraine without aura: an epidemiological study. Cephalalgia 1992; 12 (4) 221-228 , discussion 186
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia 2013; 33 (9) 629-808
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Lipton RB, Dodick D, Sadovsky R , et al; ID Migraine validation study. A self-administered screener for migraine in primary care: The ID Migraine validation study. Neurology 2003; 61 (3) 375-382
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Gelfand AA, Reider AC, Goadsby PJ. Cranial autonomic symptoms in pediatric migraine are the rule, not the exception. Neurology 2013; 81 (5) 431-436
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Gupta R, Bhatia MS. A report of cranial autonomic symptoms in migraineurs. Cephalalgia 2007; 27 (1) 22-28
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Anttila V, Winsvold BS, Gormley P , et al; North American Brain Expression Consortium; UK Brain Expression Consortium; International Headache Genetics Consortium. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new susceptibility loci for migraine. Nat Genet 2013; 45 (8) 912-917
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Russell MB, Olesen J. The genetics of migraine without aura and migraine with aura. Cephalalgia 1993; 13 (4) 245-248
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Russell MB, Fenger K, Olesen J. The family history of migraine. Direct versus indirect information. Cephalalgia 1996; 16 (3) 156-160
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Bigal ME, Serrano D, Buse D, Scher A, Stewart WF, Lipton RB. Acute migraine medications and evolution from episodic to chronic migraine: a longitudinal population-based study. Headache 2008; 48 (8) 1157-1168
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Amin FM, Asghar MS, Hougaard A , et al. Magnetic resonance angiography of intracranial and extracranial arteries in patients with spontaneous migraine without aura: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12 (5) 454-461
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Bigal ME, Dodick DW, Rapoport AM , et al. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of TEV-48125 for preventive treatment of high-frequency episodic migraine: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b study. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14 (11) 1081-1090
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Bigal ME, Edvinsson L, Rapoport AM , et al. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of TEV-48125 for preventive treatment of chronic migraine: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b study. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14 (11) 1091-1100
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Dodick DW, Goadsby PJ, Silberstein SD , et al; ALD403 study investigators. Safety and efficacy of ALD403, an antibody to calcitonin gene-related peptide, for the prevention of frequent episodic migraine: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol 2014; 13 (11) 1100-1107
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Dodick DW, Goadsby PJ, Spierings EL, Scherer JC, Sweeney SP, Grayzel DS. Safety and efficacy of LY2951742, a monoclonal antibody to calcitonin gene-related peptide, for the prevention of migraine: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet Neurol 2014; 13 (9) 885-892
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Marcus R, Goadsby PJ, Dodick D, Stock D, Manos G, Fischer TZ. BMS-927711 for the acute treatment of migraine: a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, dose-ranging trial. Cephalalgia 2014; 34 (2) 114-125
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Aurora SK, Dodick DW, Turkel CC , et al; PREEMPT 1 Chronic Migraine Study Group. OnabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of chronic migraine: results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase of the PREEMPT 1 trial. Cephalalgia 2010; 30 (7) 793-803
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Diener HC, Dodick DW, Aurora SK , et al; PREEMPT 2 Chronic Migraine Study Group. OnabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of chronic migraine: results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase of the PREEMPT 2 trial. Cephalalgia 2010; 30 (7) 804-814
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Schoenen J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M. Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 1998; 50 (2) 466-470
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Orr SL, Venkateswaran S. Nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of pediatric migraine: evidence-based review and recommendations. Cephalalgia 2014; 34 (8) 568-583
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Goadsby PJ, Grosberg BM, Mauskop A, Cady R, Simmons KA. Effect of noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation on acute migraine: an open-label pilot study. Cephalalgia 2014; 34 (12) 986-993
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Lipton RB, Dodick DW, Silberstein SD , et al. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation for acute treatment of migraine with aura: a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, sham-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9 (4) 373-380
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Schoenen J, Vandersmissen B, Jeangette S , et al. Migraine prevention with a supraorbital transcutaneous stimulator: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2013; 80 (8) 697-704
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Tepper SJ, Rezai A, Narouze S, Steiner C, Mohajer P, Ansarinia M. Acute treatment of intractable migraine with sphenopalatine ganglion electrical stimulation. Headache 2009; 49 (7) 983-989
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Irimia P, Cittadini E, Paemeleire K, Cohen AS, Goadsby PJ. Unilateral photophobia or phonophobia in migraine compared with trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Cephalalgia 2008; 28 (6) 626-630
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Fischera M, Marziniak M, Gralow I, Evers S. The incidence and prevalence of cluster headache: a meta-analysis of population-based studies. Cephalalgia 2008; 28 (6) 614-618
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Bahra A, May A, Goadsby PJ. Cluster headache: a prospective clinical study with diagnostic implications. Neurology 2002; 58 (3) 354-361
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Kunkle EC, Pfeiffer Jr JB, Wilhoit WM, Hamrick Jr LW. Recurrent brief headache in cluster pattern. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 1952; 56 (77th Meeting): 240-243
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Cittadini E, Matharu MS, Goadsby PJ. Paroxysmal hemicrania: a prospective clinical study of 31 cases. Brain 2008; 131 (Pt 4): 1142-1155
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Cohen AS, Matharu MS, Goadsby PJ. Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) or cranial autonomic features (SUNA)—a prospective clinical study of SUNCT and SUNA. Brain 2006; 129 (Pt 10): 2746-2760
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Matharu MS, Cohen AS, McGonigle DJ, Ward N, Frackowiak RS, Goadsby PJ. Posterior hypothalamic and brainstem activation in hemicrania continua. Headache 2004; 44 (8) 747-761
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Cittadini E, Goadsby PJ. Hemicrania continua: a clinical study of 39 patients with diagnostic implications. Brain 2010; 133 (Pt 7): 1973-1986
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Peres MF, Silberstein SD, Nahmias S , et al. Hemicrania continua is not that rare. Neurology 2001; 57 (6) 948-951
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Levy MJ, Matharu MS, Meeran K, Powell M, Goadsby PJ. The clinical characteristics of headache in patients with pituitary tumours. Brain 2005; 128 (Pt 8): 1921-1930
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Cohen AS, Burns B, Goadsby PJ. High-flow oxygen for treatment of cluster headache: a randomized trial. JAMA 2009; 302 (22) 2451-2457
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 The Sumatriptan Cluster Headache Study Group. Treatment of acute cluster headache with sumatriptan. N Engl J Med 1991; 325 (5) 322-326
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Afridi SK, Shields KG, Bhola R, Goadsby PJ. Greater occipital nerve injection in primary headache syndromes—prolonged effects from a single injection. Pain 2006; 122 (1–2) 126-129
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Ambrosini A, Vandenheede M, Rossi P , et al. Suboccipital injection with a mixture of rapid- and long-acting steroids in cluster headache: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Pain 2005; 118 (1–2) 92-96
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Bussone G, Leone M, Peccarisi C , et al. Double blind comparison of lithium and verapamil in cluster headache prophylaxis. Headache 1990; 30 (7) 411-417
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Leone M, D'Amico D, Frediani F , et al. Verapamil in the prophylaxis of episodic cluster headache: a double-blind study versus placebo. Neurology 2000; 54 (6) 1382-1385
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Steiner TJ, Hering R, Couturier EG, Davies PT, Whitmarsh TE. Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of lithium in episodic cluster headache. Cephalalgia 1997; 17 (6) 673-675
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 D'Andrea G, Granella F, Cadaldini M. Possible usefulness of lamotrigine in the treatment of SUNCT syndrome. Neurology 1999; 53 (7) 1609
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 D'Andrea G, Granella F, Ghiotto N, Nappi G. Lamotrigine in the treatment of SUNCT syndrome. Neurology 2001; 57 (9) 1723-1725
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Leone M, Rigamonti A, Usai S, Damico D, Grazzi L, Bussone G. Two new SUNCT cases responsive to lamotrigine. Cephalalgia 2000; 20 (9) 845-847
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Matharu MS, Boes CJ, Goadsby PJ. SUNCT syndrome: prolonged attacks, refractoriness and response to topiramate. Neurology 2002; 58 (8) 1307
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Rossi P, Cesarino F, Faroni J, Malpezzi MG, Sandrini G, Nappi G. SUNCT syndrome successfully treated with topiramate: case reports. Cephalalgia 2003; 23 (10) 998-1000
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Schoenen J, Jensen RH, Lantéri-Minet M , et al. Stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) for cluster headache treatment. Pathway CH-1: a randomized, sham-controlled study. Cephalalgia 2013; 33 (10) 816-830
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Pareja JA, Pareja J. Nummular headache: diagnosis and treatment. Expert Rev Neurother 2003; 3 (3) 289-292
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Lay CL, Newman LC. Posttraumatic hemicrania continua. Headache 1999; 39 (4) 275-279
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Matharu MJ, Goadsby PJ. Post-traumatic chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) with aura. Neurology 2001; 56 (2) 273-275
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Putzki N, Nirkko A, Diener HC. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias: a case of post-traumatic SUNCT syndrome?. Cephalalgia 2005; 25 (5) 395-397
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Hoffman JM, Lucas S, Dikmen S , et al. Natural history of headache after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28 (9) 1719-1725
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar