Download PDF
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019; 127(S 01): S27-S38
DOI: 10.1055/a-0984-5696
German Diabetes Association: Clinical Practice Guidelines
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Therapy of Type 1 Diabetes

Abridged Version of the S3 Guideline (AWMF Register Number: 057–013; 2nd Edition)
Thomas Haak
1   Diabetes Clinic, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
,
Stefan Gölz
2   Diabetic Practice, Esslingen, Germany
,
Andreas Fritsche
3   Internal Medicine IV, Medical Clinic, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
,
Martin Füchtenbusch
4   Diabetes Center, Munich, Germany
,
Thorsten Siegmund
5   Isar Clinic, Munich, Germany
,
Elisabeth Schnellbächer
6   Birkenfeld, Germany
,
Harald H. Klein
7   Medical University Hospital I - General Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bergmannsheil, Germany
,
Til Uebel
8   prima-diab Practice Dres. Uebel, Ittlingen, Germany
,
Diana Droßel
9   Eschweiler, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
20 December 2019 (online)

Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints
Zoom Image

Addressees and Objectives

This guideline is directed at all people with type 1 diabetes and all occupational groups that care for people with type 1 diabetes, especially:

  • Registered diabetologists,

  • General practitioners and internists,

  • Doctors working in hospitals (diabetes specialists, anaesthesiologists, surgeons, radiologists),

  • Nurses/professional caregivers (in the operating theatre and/or wards or in the field of diagnostics) and

  • Outpatient or inpatient diabetes consultants and other professional groups in diabetology.

In addition, the guideline is directed at higher-level institutions such as health insurance companies or medical services.

In preparing and updating these guidelines, the authors pursue the following objectives:

  1. Reduce the rate of diabetes-associated complications and diabetes-associated secondary damage. The diagnosis and treatment of lipodystrophy is also described for the first time;

  2. Improve the quality of life of people with type 1 diabetes;

  3. Contribute to the adequate care of people with type 1 diabetes in hospitals, both in regular and intensive care units. In particular, the implementation of safe protocols to protect against hypoglycaemia in intravenous insulin therapy should be supported;

  4. Ensure correct treatment of acute complications and thus reduce the risk of complications due to treatment;

  5. Reinforce the correct training of people with type 1 diabetes, especially in the outpatient sector.

1 This classification is based on recommendations of the American Diabetic Association (ADA).


2 The presence of diabetic ketoacidosis is defined by different international blood glucose limit values. The limit value of 250 mg/dl (13.9 mmol/l) is based on the consensus of the author group. Since the clinical effects of high blood glucose levels can vary strongly, blood glucose levels should be assessed on the basis of the clinical picture. A single blood glucose measurement of more than 250 mg/dl (13.9 mmol/l) without corresponding accompanying parameters is not yet a ketoacidosis.