Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1098928
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ˙ New York
Interdisziplinäre Behandlung des Merkelzellkarzinoms: Eine retrospektive Fallanalyse und aktuelle Literaturübersicht
The Interdisciplinary Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Case Analysis and Review of the Current LiteraturePublication History
Publication Date:
15 September 2009 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Das Merkelzellkarzinom ist ein seltener, hochgradig maligner, neuroendokriner Hauttumor. In einem Zeitraum von Juni 2005–Januar 2007 (18 Monate) wurden an unserer Klinik für Hand-, Plastische- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie 7 Merkelzellkarzinome mit Lokalisation im Gesicht und an den Extremitäten in unterschiedlichen Tumorstadien behandelt. Bei einer Inzidenz von ca. 0,1–0,4 Neuerkrankungen / 100 000 Einwohnern ist dies deutlich mehr als statistisch zu erwarten. Diese Anhäufung war Anlass, unser Patientengut retrospektiv aufzuarbeiten und die Therapiemodalitäten anhand der aktuellen Literatur zu diskutieren. Patienten und Methoden: Alle 7 Patienten wurden uns nach externer unvollständiger Tumorexzision und histologischer Diagnosesicherung zur chirurgischen Weiterbehandlung zugewiesen. Zwei Frauen und 5 Männer wurden behandelt. Die Altersverteilung lag zwischen 63 und 83 Jahren (Mittel 72 Jahre). Die Patientendaten wurden retrospektiv erhoben und analysiert. Ergebnisse: In allen Fällen konnte eine lokale R0-Resektion erzielt werden. Die Sicherheitsabstände betrugen zwischen 1,5 und 4,5 cm. In 6 Fällen erfolgte die plastische Deckung mit Hauttransplantaten, in einem Fall war ein Direktverschluss möglich. Bei allen Patienten wurde eine adjuvante Radiotherapie durchgeführt. Bei 3 Patienten wurde bei einem metastasierenden Merkelzellkarzinom eine adjuvante Chemotherapie durchgeführt. Zwei Patienten sind am Tumorleiden verstorben. Bei weiteren 2 Patienten konnte eine Progredienz des Tumorleidens gestoppt werden. Drei Patienten blieben tumorfrei. Schlussfolgerung: Bei rechtzeitiger Diagnostik ist eine lokale R0-Resektion in der Regel zu erreichen. Ein Sicherheitsabstand von mindestens 1,5 cm im Gesichtsbereich und 3 cm im Extremitätenbereich sind einzuhalten. Um die lokale Rezidivrate zu senken, wird bei Merkelzellkarzinomen eine adjuvante Radiotherapie durchgeführt. Der Nutzen einer Chemotherapie ist noch unklar.
Abstract
Background: Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare, aggressive, neuroendocrine malignancy of the skin. Over the period from June 2005 to January 2007 (18 months) 7 Merkel cell carcinomas in different tumour stages and localisations were treated in our department for hand, plastic and reconstructive surgery. Given an incidence rate of approximately 0.1–0.4 per 100 000 habitants, this accumulation of cases is considerably higher than would be statistically expected. This led us to analyse our cases retrospectively and provided the opportunity to discuss the treatment modalities on the basis of the current literature. Patients and Methods: All patients were referred to our clinic after incomplete tumour excision and histopathological diagnosis elsewhere, for further surgical treatment. Two female and 5 male patients, aged 63 to 83 years, were treated. The patients’ data were collected and analysed retrospectively. Results: In all cases an R0 resection could be achieved, with safety resection margins between 1.5 cm and 4.5 cm. The reconstruction of the resulting defects was achieved by skin transplants in six cases and a primary suture in one case. All patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Furthermore, three patients received adjuvant chemotherapy due to metastases of the progressed Merkel cell carcinoma. Three patients remained free of recurrence and in two patients a progression of the tumour disease could be impeded, whilst two patients succumbed to their disease. Conclusions: In the case of an early diagnosis, an R0 resection can usually be achieved. A safety resection margin of a minimum of 1.5 cm in the face and 3 cm for localisation on the extremities should be obtained. To reduce the local recurrence rate, adjuvant radiotherapy should be conducted. The benefit from chemotherapy still remains unclear.
Schlüsselwörter
Merkelzellkarzinom - neuroendokrine Merkelzellen - maligne Hauttumoren
Key words
Merkel cell tumour - skin neoplasms - endocrine carcinoma of the skin
Literatur
- 1 Allen P J, Bowne W B, Jaques D P et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: prognosis and treatment of patients from a single institution. J Clin Oncol. 2005; 23 2300-2309
- 2 Anderson S E, Beer K T, Banic A et al. MRI of merkel cell carcinoma: histologic correlation and review of the literature. Am J Roentgenol. 2005; 185 1441-1448
- 3 Blom A, Kolb F, Lumbroso J et al. Significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in Merkel cell carcinoma. Analysis of 11 cases. Ann Dermatol Venerol. 2003; 130 417-421
- 4 Chao C, Wong S L, Edwards M J et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for head and neck melanomas. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003; 10 21-26
- 5 Davis M P, Miller E M, Rau R C et al. The use of VP16 and cisplatin in the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1990; 16 276-278
- 6 Eich H T, Eich D, Staar S et al. Role of postoperative radiotherapy in the management of Merkel cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol. 2002; 25 50-56
- 7 Eng T Y, Boersma M G, Fuller C D et al. A comprehensive review of the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol. 2007; 30 624-636
- 8 Fenig E, Brenner B, Katz A et al. The role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma. Cancer. 1997; 80 881-885
- 9 Goessling W, McKee P H, Mayer R J. Merkel cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2002; 20 588-598
- 10 Gould V E, Moll R, Moll I et al. Neuroendocrine (Merkel) cells of the skin: hyperplasias, dysplasias, and neoplasms. Lab Invest. 1985; 52 334-353
- 11 Gröger A, Piatkowski A, Unglaub F et al. Merkel cell carcinoma and immunosuppression: report of three cases and review of therapeutic options. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 2008; 40 105-109
- 12 Hauschild A, Garbe C. Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma (Merkel cell carcinoma). Quality Assurance Committee of the German Society of Dermatology and the Professional Organization of German Dermatologists e. V. Hautarzt. 1998; 48 Suppl 1 27-29
- 13 Hauschild A, Rademacher D, Rowert J et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: follow-up of 10 patients. Current diagnosis and therapy. Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1997; 382 185-191
- 14 Helmbold P, Schroter S, Holzhausen H J et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Chirurg. 2001; 72 396-401
- 15 Herbst A, Haynes H A, Nghiem P. The standard of care for Merkel cell carcinoma should include adjuvant radiation and lymph node surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002; 46 640-642
- 16 Hitchcock C L, Bland K I, Laney R G et al. Neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma of the skin. Its natural history, diagnosis, and treatment. Ann Surg. 1998; 207 201-207
- 17 Leech S N, Kolar A J, Barrett P D et al. Merkel cell carcinoma can be distinguished from metastatic small cell carcinoma using antibodies to cytokeratin 20 and thyroid transcription factor. J Clin Pathol. 2001; 54 727-729
- 18 Leong A S, Phillips G E, Pieterse A S et al. Criteria for the diagnosis of primary endocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell carcinoma). A histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 13 cases. Pathology. 1986; 18 393-399
- 19 Lewis K G, Weinstock M A, Weaver A L et al. Adjuvant local irradiation for Merkel cell carcinoma Arch. Dermatol. 2006; 142 693-700
- 20 Maza S, Trefzer U, Hofmann M et al. Impact of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma: results of a prospective study and review of the literature. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2006; 33 433-440
- 21 Meyer-Pannwitt U, Kummerfeldt K, Boubaris P et al. Merkel cell tumor or neuroendocrine skin carcinoma. Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1997; 382 349-358
- 22 Miller R W, Rabkin C S. Merkel cell carcinoma and melanoma: etiological similarities and differences. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999; 8 153-158
- 23 Morrison W H, Peters L J, Silva E G et al. The essential role of radiation therapy in securing locoregional control of Merkel cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1990; 19 583-591
- 24 Pan D, Narayan D, Ariyan S. Merkel cell carcinoma: five case reports using sentinel lymph node biopsy and a review of 110 new cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002; 110 1259-1265
- 25 Pitale M, Sessions R B, Husain S. An analysis of prognostic factors in cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 1992; 102 244-249
- 26 Ratner D, Nelson B R, Brown M D et al. Merkel cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993; 29 143-156
- 27 Shack R B, Barton R M, DeLozier J et al. Is aggressive surgical management justified in the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma?. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994; 94 970-975
- 28 Sian K U, Wagner J D, Sood R et al. Lymphoscintigraphy with sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma. Ann Plast Surg. 1999; 42 679-682
- 29 Sibley R K, Dehner L P, Rosai J. Primary neuroendocrine (Merkel cell?) carcinoma of the skin. A clinicopathologic and ultrastructural study of 43 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1985; 9 95-108
- 30 Smith D F, Messina J L, Perrott R et al. Clinical approach to neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell carcinoma). Cancer Control. 2000; 7 72-83
- 31 Suntharalingam M, Rudoltz M S, Mendenhall W M et al. Radiotherapy for Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin of the head and neck. Head Neck. 1995; 17 96-101
- 32 Tai P T, Yu E, Winquist E et al. Chemotherapy in neuroendocrine / Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin: case series and review of 204 cases. J Clin Oncol. 2000; 18 2493-2499
- 33 Tang C K, Toker C. Trabecular carcinoma of the skin: an ultrastructural study. Cancer. 1978; 42 2311-2321
- 34 Veness M J, Perera L, McCourt J et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: improved outcome with adjuvant radiotherapy. ANZ J Surg. 2005; 75 275-281
- 35 Waldherr C, Pless M, Maecke H R et al. The clinical value of [90Y-DOTA]-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (90Y-DOTATOC) in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours: a clinical phase II study. Ann Oncol. 2001; 12 941-945
- 36 Waldherr C, Pless M, Maecke H R. Tumor response and clinical benefit in neuroendocrine tumors after 7.4 GBq (90)Y-DOTATOC. J Nucl Med. 2002; 43 610-616
- 37 Warner T F, Uno H, Hafez G R et al. Merkel cells and Merkel cell tumors. Ultrastructure, immunocytochemistry and review of the literature. Cancer. 1983; 52 238-245
- 38 Yiengpruksawan A, Coit D G, Thaler H T et al. Merkel cell carcinoma. Prognosis and management. Arch Surg. 1991; 126 1514-1519
B. Strub
Riehenring 199
4058 Basel
Schweiz
Phone: 00 41 / 6 13 31 15 42
Fax: 00 41 / 7 63 48 55 71
Email: benistrub@gmx.ch