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DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109227
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
„Selbstscreen-Prodrom” – Ein Selbstbeurteilungsinstrument zur Früherkennung von psychischen Erkrankungen und Psychosen
”Self-Screen Prodrome”– Self-Rating for the Early Detection of Mental Disorders and PsychosesPublication History
Publication Date:
02 April 2009 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Bedeutung der Früherkennung von Psychosen wurde in den letzten Jahren zunehmend erkannt. Ein Screening bezüglich einer beginnenden Erkrankung sollte sich v. a. auf hilfesuchende Personen beziehen und möglichst stufenweise erfolgen. Im Rahmen eines prospektiven Projekts zur Früherkennung von Psychosen (FePsy) haben wir deshalb ein Selbstbeurteilungsinstrument zur Differenzierung zwischen Gesunden, Psychose-(Risiko)-Patienten, Patienten mit anderen ICD-10 Diagnosen entwickelt. Methode: Das „Selbstscreen-Prodrom” wurde unter Berücksichtigung der wichtigsten aus der Literatur bekannten Risikofaktoren und frühen Anzeichen der Erkrankung entwickelt. Insbesondere wurden sog. Prodromalsymptome und präpsychotische Symptome erhoben. Ein Gesamtwert und eine Subskala wurden hinsichtlich Validität und Reliabilität überprüft. Ergebnisse: Der „Selbstscreen-Prodrom”-Gesamtwert kann psychisch Erkrankte von Gesunden unterscheiden (Cut-off-Wert: ≥ 6; Sensitivität: 85 % Spezifität: 91 %). Darüber hinaus kann mit einer Subskala eine Differenzierung zwischen Psychose-(risiko)-Patienten und Patienten mit anderen psychiatrischen Diagnosen erfolgen (Cut-off-Wert: ≥ 2; Sensitivität: 85 % Spezifität: 39 %). Schlussfolgerung: Das „Selbstscreen-Prodrom” ist ein nützliches Instrument, das a) psychisch Kranke von Gesunden unterscheidet und b) Personen mit Risiko für eine Psychose aus psychisch Kranken mit anderen psychiatrischen ICD-10 Diagnosen für ein weiteres Screening herausfiltert. Als nächster Schritt in der Früherkennung sollte bei den identifizierten Personen eine ausführliche psychiatrische Untersuchung folgen.
Abstract
Objective: In the past years, the significance of early detection of psychoses has been increasingly recognized. Screening for the onset of disorders should focus on individuals seeking treatment in an outpatient setting and should preferably operate stepwise. Within a prospective study for the early detection of psychoses (FePsy = Früherkennung von Psychosen) the self-rating instrument ”Self-screen Prodrome” was developed to differentiate between healthy individuals, individuals with psychosis or an at-risk mental state for psychosis and patients with other ICD-10 diagnoses. Method: The ”Self-screen Prodrome” was developed by taking established risk factors and early signs of disease into account. In particular, prodromes and pre-psychotic symptoms were captured. A total score and a subscale were analyzed with regard to validity and reliability. Results: The total score ”Self-screen Prodrome” distinguished between outpatients with a mental disorder and healthy individuals (Cut-off ≥ 6; sensitivity: 85 % specificity: 91 %). Additionally the subscale distinguished between psychosis-(risk)-individuals and outpatients with other ICD-10 psychiatric diagnoses (Cut-off ≥ 2; sensitivity: 85 % specificity: 39 %). Conclusion: The ”Self-screen Prodrome” is a useful instrument that a) separates mentally ill patients from healthy individuals and b) filters individuals with a risk of developing psychoses from patients with other ICD-10 diagnoses for further screening. The next step in the early detection of psychoses for identified individuals should be a detailed psychiatric exploration by experts.
Schlüsselwörter
Früherkennung - Selbstbeurteilung - psychische Erkrankung - Psychose - Prodromalphase
Key words
early detection - self-rating - mental disorder - psychosis - prodrome ”at risk mental state”(ARMS)
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Prof. Dr. med. Anita Riecher-Rössler
Psychiatrische Poliklinik Universitätsspital
Petersgraben 4
4031 Basel
Schweiz
Email: ariecher@uhbs.ch