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DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1258379
Copper-Promoted Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Cross-Coupling with Boronic Acids and Derivatives
Publication History
Publication Date:
22 December 2010 (online)
Abstract
The discovery of the copper-promoted Chan-Lam coupling reaction with boronic acids more than ten years ago has greatly advanced the carbon-heteroatom cross-coupling chemistry. The N-arylation/O-arylation methodology is now a powerful new synthetic tool, made even more attractive by the mild conditions required. Significant progress has been made in expanding the scope and the applications as well as understanding the mechanism of this reaction. This review includes an examination of various C-X cross-couplings using boronic acids and their derivatives, and a survey of the mechanistic studies that have been carried out.
1 General Introduction
2 C-N Cross-Coupling
2.1 Original NH-Containing Substrates
2.2 Factor Xa Inhibitors
2.3 Selective N-Arylation of Nucleobases
2.4 Additional NH-Containing Substrates
3 C-O Cross-Coupling
3.1 Intermolecular C-O Cross-Coupling
3.2 Intramolecular C-O Cross-Coupling
4 Substrate Selectivity and Reactivity
5 Applications in Solid-Phase Synthesis
6 C-N and C-O Cross-Coupling with Boronic Acid Derivatives
6.1 Boroxines, Boronic Esters, and Trifluoroborate Salts
6.2 Alkenylboronic Acids and Alkynylboronic Acids
6.3 Alkylboronic Acids
7 C-S and C-Se/C-Te Cross-Coupling
8 C-Cl, C-Br, and C-I Cross-Coupling
9 C-C and C-H Cross-Coupling
10 Mechanistic Considerations
10.1 Empirical Observations
10.2 General Mechanistic Observations
10.3 Mechanistic Study of the Catalytic Reaction
11 Other Transition Metals
12 Other Organometalloids
13 Conclusion
Key words
Chan-Lam coupling - copper-promoted - carbon-heteroatom cross-coupling - boronic acids - N-arylation
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