Die Lunge des Neugeborenen

Einleitung

Die Lunge steht im Mittelpunkt der postnatalen Adaptation des Neugeborenen. Von allen Organfunktionen, die sich nach der Durchtrennung der Nabelschnur an die extrauterinen Verhältnisse anpassen müssen, ist der Gasaustausch am häufigsten von Störungen betroffen. Es erscheint deshalb logisch, dass die wichtigsten Meilensteine (s. Infobox), die zur Entwicklung des Fachgebiets Neonatologie führten, die Pathophysiologie der Lungenfunktion des Früh- und Neugeborenen betreffen: die pränatale Lungenreifung, die Substitution mit exogenem Surfactant und der CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) als einfachste Form der Atemhilfe (Abb. [1]).

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