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Synthesis 2017; 49(17): 3835-3847
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588512
short review
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Recent Advances in Nitrogen–Nitrogen Bond Formation

Qihang Guo
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. of China   Email: luzhan@zju.edu.cn
,
Zhan Lu*
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. of China   Email: luzhan@zju.edu.cn
› Author Affiliations
We thank the NSFC (21472162), the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB856600), and Zhejiang University for financial support.
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 17 May 2017

Accepted after revision: 28 June 2017

Publication Date:
07 August 2017 (online)

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Abstract

Over the last decade, N–N bond formation as a synthetic strategy has emerged as a powerful key step in the construction of highly valuable heterocycles from easily obtained materials. This review focuses on recent methods used to build N–N bonds, classified by intra- and intermolecular reactions with various types of N–X (O, C, N, H) bond cleavage.

1 I ntroduction

2 Intramolecular N–N Bond Formation

2.1 Cleavage of N–O Bonds

2.2 Cleavage of N–C Bonds

2.3 Cleavage of N–N Bonds

2.4 Cleavage of N–H Bonds

2.4.1 Construction of Pyrazole Derivatives

2.4.2 Construction of Triazole Derivatives

2.4.3 Construction of Indazole and Pyrazoline Derivatives

2.4.4 Construction of Other N–N Bond Derivatives

3 Intermolecular N–N Bond Formation

4 Conclusion

Key words

nitrogen–nitrogen bond formation - heterocycles - cyclization - copper catalysis - anodic oxidation