RSS-Feed abonnieren
PDF herunterladen
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740610
Use of androgens at different stages of life: reproductive period
Number 11 - December 2021Autor*innen
Key points
-
Although there are several situations that can potentially lead to lower androgen levels, until now is not defined a syndrome or biochemical criteria to diagnose androgen deficiency in women. Benefits of androgen therapy in these situations are controversial.
-
Girls with delayed puberty manifesting primarily as a lack of development of secondary sex characters and primary amenorrhea may be deficient in sex hormone production, including androgen production deficiency.
-
Due to surgical menopause and premature ovarian failure, androgen levels may be reduced compared to age-matched normal controls.
-
Young women with hypopituitarism, anorexia nervosa, and adrenal insufficiency may have lower serum androgen levels.
-
The use of androgens and anabolic steroids for aesthetic purposes has increased considerably due to issues related to the cult of the body and beauty. However, this is associated with undesirable and potentially irreversible aesthetic manifestations, in addition to an increase in morbidity.
The National Specialty Commission on Gynecology Endocrinology of the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (FEBRASGO) endorses to this document. The content production is based on scientific studies on a thematic proposal and the findings presented contribute to clinical practice.
Publikationsverlauf
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
21. Dezember 2021
© 2021. Federação Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil
-
References
- 1 Davis SR. Androgen therapy in women, beyond libido. Climacteric 2013; ;16 Suppl 1: 18-24
- 2 Barrett-Connor E, Young R, Notelovitz M, Sullivan J, Wiita B, Yang HM. et al. A two-year, double-blind comparison of estrogen-androgen and conjugated estrogens in surgically menopausal women. Effects on bone mineral density, symptoms and lipid profiles. J Reprod Med 1999; 44 (12) 1012-1020
- 3 Wierman ME, Arlt W, Basson R, Davis SR, Miller KK, Murad MH. et al. Androgen therapy in women: a reappraisal: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99 (10) 3489-510
- 4 Bolour S, Braunstein G. Testosterone therapy in women: a review. Int J Impot Res 2005; 17 (05) 399-408
- 5 Bui HN, Sluss PM, Blincko S, Knol DL, Blankenstein MA, Heijboer AC. Dynamics of serum testosterone during the menstrual cycle evaluated by daily measurements with an ID-LC-MS/MS method and a 2nd generation automated immunoassay. Steroids 2013; 78 (01) 96-101
- 6 Rosner W, Hryb DJ, Khan MS, Nakhla AM, Romas NA. Sex hormone-binding globulin mediates steroid hormone signal transduction at the plasma membrane. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1999; 69 (1-6): 481-485
- 7 Vesper HW, Botelho JC. Standardization of testosterone measurements in humans. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121 (3-5): 513-519
- 8 Goodman N, Guay A, Dandona P, Dhindsa S, Faiman C, Cunningham GR. et al. American association of clinical endocrinologists and American college of endocrinology position statement on the association of testosterone and cardiovascular risk. Endocr Pract 2015; 21 (09) 1066-1073
- 9 Simpson ER. Aromatization of androgens in women: current concepts and findings. Fertil Steril 2002; 77 Suppl 4: S6-10
- 10 Davis SR, Davison SL, Donath S, Bell RJ. Circulating androgen levels and self-reported sexual function in women. JAMA 2005; 294 (01) 91-6
- 11 Sawyer SM, Azzopardi PS, Wickremarathne D, Patton GC. The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018; 2 (03) 223-8
- 12 Rothman MS, Carlson NE, Xu M, Wang C, Swerdloff R, Lee P. et al. Reexamination of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol and estrone levels across the menstrual cycle and in postmenopausal women measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Steroids 2011; 76 (1-2): 177-182
- 13 Longcope C. Adrenal and gonadal androgen secretion in normal females. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986; 15 (02) 213-28
- 14 Zumoff B, Strain GW, Miller LK, Rosner W. Twenty-four-hour mean plasma testosterone concentration declines with age in normal premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80 (04) 1429-1430
- 15 Weiss RV, Hohl A, Athayde A, Pardini D, Gomes L, Oliveira M. et al. Testosterone therapy for women with low sexual desire: a position statement from the Brazilian society of endocrinology and metabolism. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2019; 63 (03) 190-198
- 16 Vanderschueren D, Vandenput L, Boonen S. Reversing sex steroid deficiency and optimizing skeletal development in the adolescent with gonadal failure. Endocr Dev 2005; 8: 150-165
- 17 Mason KA, Schoelwer MJ, Rogol AD. Androgens during infancy, childhood, and adolescence: physiology and use in clinical practice. Endocr Rev 2020; 41 (03) bnaa003
- 18 Zuckerman-Levin N, Frolova-Bishara T, Militianu D, Levin M, Aharon-Peretz J, Hochberg Z. Androgen replacement therapy in turner syndrome: a pilot study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94 (12) 4820-4827
- 19 Rosenfeld RG, France J, Attie KM, Brasel JA, Burstein S, Cara JF. et al. Six-year results of a randomized, prospective trial of human growth hormone and oxandrolone in Turner syndrome. J Pediatr 1992; 121 (01) 49-55
- 20 Bilger M, Speraw S, LaFranchi SH, Hanna CE. Androgen replacement in adolescents and young women with hypopituitarism. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2005; 18 (04) 355-362
- 21 Janse F, Tanahatoe SJ, Eijkemans MJ, Fauser BC. Testosterone concentrations, using different assays, in different types of ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2012; 18 (04) 405-419
- 22 Webber L, Anderson RA, Davies M, Janse F, Vermeulen N. HRT for women with premature ovarian insufficiency: a comprehensive review. Hum Reprod Open 2017; 2017 (02) hox007
- 23 Vegunta S, Kling JM, Kapoor E. Androgen therapy in women. J Womens Health 2020; 29 (01) 57-64
- 24 Miller KK, Biller BM, Beauregard C, Lipman JG, Jones J, Schoenfeld D. et al. Effects of testosterone replacement in androgen-deficient women with hypopituitarism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91 (05) 1683-1690
- 25 Miller KK, Lawson EA, Mathur V, Wexler TL, Meenaghan E, Misra M. et al. Androgens in women with anorexia nervosa and normal-weight women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92 (04) 1334-1339
- 26 Hahner S, Loeffler M, Fassnacht M, Weismann D, Koschker AC, Quinkler M. et al. Impaired subjective health status in 256 patients with adrenal insufficiency on standard therapy based on cross-sectional analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92 (10) 3912-3922
- 27 Alkatib AA, Cosma M, Elamin MB, Erickson D, Swiglo BA, Erwin PJ. et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of DHEA treatment effects on quality of life in women with adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94 (10) 3676-3681
- 28 Castinetti F, Guignat L, Bouvattier C, Samara-Boustani D, Reznik Y. Group 4: replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2017; 78 (06) 525-534
- 29 Miller KK, Meenaghan E, Lawson EA, Misra M, Gleysteen S, Schoenfeld D. et al. Effects of risedronate and low-dose transdermal testosterone on bone mineral density in women with anorexia nervosa: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96 (07) 2081-2088
- 30 Miller KK, Grieco KA, Klibanski A. Testosterone administration in women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90 (03) 1428-1433
- 31 Kimball A, Schorr M, Meenaghan E, Bachmann KN, Eddy KT, Misra M. et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of low-dose testosterone therapy in women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104 (10) 4347-4355
- 32 Hanley SantosG, Coomber R. The risk environment of anabolic-androgenic steroid users in the UK: examining motivations, practices and accounts of use. Int J Drug Policy 2017; 40: 35-43
- 33 Kicman AT. Pharmacology of anabolic steroids. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154 (03) 502-521
- 34 Sagoe D, Molde H, Andreassen CS, Torsheim T, Pallesen S. The global epidemiology of anabolic-androgenic steroid use: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 24 (05) 383-398
- 35 Anderson LJ, Tamayose JM, Garcia JM. Use of growth hormone, IGF-I, and insulin for anabolic purpose: pharmacological basis, methods of detection, and adverse effects. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 464: 65-74
- 36 Nieschlag E, Vorona E. Mechanisms in endocrinology: medical consequences of doping with anabolic androgenic steroids: effects on reproductive functions. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173 (02) R47-58
- 37 Gruber AJ, Pope Jr. HG. Psychiatric and medical effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use in women. Psychother Psychosom 2000; 69 (01) 19-26
- 38 Rasmussen JJ, Schou M, Selmer C, Johansen ML, Gustafsson F, Frystyk J. et al. Insulin sensitivity in relation to fat distribution and plasma adipocytokines among abusers of anabolic androgenic steroids. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 87 (03) 249-56
- 39 de Castro CoelhoF, Barros C. The potential of hormonal contraception to influence female sexuality. Int J Reprod Med 2019; 2019: 9701384