Endoscopy 2016; 48(09): 843-864
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-113128
Guideline
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Performance measures for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative

Raf Bisschops
1   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
,
Miguel Areia
2   Gastroenterology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Coimbra, Portugal
3   Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
,
Emmanuel Coron
4   Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
,
Daniela Dobru
5   Gastroenterology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Romania
,
Bernd Kaskas
6   Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
,
Roman Kuvaev
7   Endoscopy, Yaroslavl Regional Cancer Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
,
Oliver Pech
8   Klinik für Gastroenterologie und interventionelle Endoskopie, Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
,
Krish Ragunath
9   NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen’s Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK
,
Bas Weusten
10   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
,
Pietro Familiari
11   Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Agostino Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy
,
Dirk Domagk
12   Department of Internal Medicine, Joseph’s Hospital, Warendorf, Germany
,
Roland Valori
13   Department of Gastroenterology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucestershire, UK
,
Michal F. Kaminski
14   Department of Health Management and Health Economy and KG Jebsen Centre for Colorectal Cancer, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
15   Department of Gastroenterological Oncology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, and Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
,
Cristiano Spada
11   Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Agostino Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy
,
Michael Bretthauer
14   Department of Health Management and Health Economy and KG Jebsen Centre for Colorectal Cancer, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
16   Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
,
Cathy Bennett
17   Centre for Technology Enabled Research, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
,
Carlo Senore
18   CPO Piemonte, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
,
Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
3   Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
19   Servicio de Gastroenterologia, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
,
Matthew D. Rutter
20   Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton-on-Tees, Cleveland, UK
21   School of Medicine, Durham University, Durham, UK
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
22 August 2016 (online)

Abbreviations

CI: confidence interval
EAC: early adenocarcinoma
EMR: endoscopic mucosal resection
ENT: ear, nose, and throat
ESGE: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
FAP: familial adenomatous polyposis
GAVE: gastric antral vascular ectasia
HGD: high grade dysplasia
LGD: low grade dysplasia
MAPS: Management of precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach
OLGA: Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment
OLGIM: Operative Link on Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
OR: odds ratio
PEG: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
PICO: population/patient; intervention/indicator; comparator/control; outcome
PPI: proton pump inhibitor
QIC: Quality improvement committee
SCC: squamous cell cancer
UEG: United European Gastroenterology
UGI: upper gastrointestinal tract

Supporting Information

 
  • References

  • 1 Rutter MD, Senore C, Bisschops R et al. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Quality Improvement Initiative: developing performance measures. Endoscopy 2016; 48: 81-89
  • 2 Kaminski MF, Regula J, Kraszewska E et al. Quality indicators for colonoscopy and the risk of interval cancer. NEJM 2010; 362: 1795-1803
  • 3 Barclay RL, Vicari JJ, Doughty AS et al. Colonoscopic withdrawal times and adenoma detection during screening colonoscopy. NEJM 2006; 355: 2533-2541
  • 4 Bennett C, Moayyedi P, Corley DA et al. BOB CAT: A large-scale review and Delphi consensus for management of Barrett’s esophagus with no dysplasia, indefinite for, or low-grade dysplasia. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: 662-682 ; quiz 683
  • 5 Bennett C, Vakil N, Bergman J et al. Consensus statements for management of Barrett’s dysplasia and early-stage esophageal adenocarcinoma, based on a Delphi process. Gastroenterology 2012; 143: 336-346
  • 6 Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008; 336: 924-926
  • 7 Koeppe A, Lubini M, Bonadeo N et al. Comfort, safety and quality of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after 2 hours fasting: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13: 158
  • 8 De Silva AP, Amarasiri L, Liyanage MN et al. One-hour fast for water and six-hour fast for solids prior to endoscopy provides good endoscopic vision and results in minimum patient discomfort. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24: 1095-1097
  • 9 Teh JL, Tan JR, Lau LJF et al. Longer examination time improves detection of gastric cancer during diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13: 480-487.e2
  • 10 Gupta N, Gaddam S, Wani SB et al. Longer inspection time is associated with increased detection of high-grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 76: 531-538
  • 11 Park CH, Kim B, Chung H et al. Endoscopic quality indicators for esophagogastroduodenoscopy in gastric cancer screening. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60: 38-46
  • 12 Rey JF, Lambert R. ESGE recommendations for quality control in gastrointestinal endoscopy: guidelines for image documentation in upper and lower GI endoscopy. Endoscopy 2001; 33: 901-903
  • 13 Yao K. The endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Q Publ Hell Soc Gastroenterol 2013; 26: 11-22
  • 14 Bretthauer M, Aabakken L, Dekker E et al. Requirements and standards facilitating quality improvement for reporting systems in gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement. Endoscopy 2016; 48: 291-294
  • 15 Armstrong D, Bennett JR, Blum AL et al. The endoscopic assessment of esophagitis: a progress report on observer agreement. Gastroenterology 1996; 111: 85-92
  • 16 Lundell LR, Dent J, Bennett JR et al. Endoscopic assessment of oesophagitis: clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification. Gut 1999; 45: 172-180
  • 17 Armstrong D. Review article: towards consistency in the endoscopic diagnosis of Barrett’s oesophagus and columnar metaplasia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20: 40-47 ; discussion 61–62
  • 18 Sharma P, Dent J, Armstrong D et al. The development and validation of an endoscopic grading system for Barrett’s esophagus: the Prague C & M criteria. Gastroenterology 2006; 131: 1392-1399
  • 19 Barclay RL, Vicari JJ, Greenlaw RL. Effect of a time-dependent colonoscopic withdrawal protocol on adenoma detection during screening colonoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6: 1091-1098
  • 20 Dinis-Ribeiro M, Areia M, de Vries AC et al. Management of precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS): guideline from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter Study Group (EHSG), European Society of Pathology (ESP), and the Sociedade Portuguesa. Endoscopy 2012; 44: 74-94
  • 21 Areia M, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Rocha Gonçalves F. Cost-utility analysis of endoscopic surveillance of patients with gastric premalignant conditions. Helicobacter 2014; 19: 425-436
  • 22 Lambert R, Lightdale CJ. The Paris endoscopic classification of superficial neoplastic lesions: esophagus, stomach, and colon – November 30 to December 1, 2002. Gastrointest Endosc 2003; 58: S3-S4
  • 23 Axon A, Diebold MD, Fujino M et al. Update on the Paris classification of superficial neoplastic lesions in the digestive tract. Endoscopy 2005; 37: 570-578
  • 24 van Doorn SC, Hazewinkel Y, East JE et al. Polyp morphology: an interobserver evaluation for the Paris classification among international experts. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: 180-187
  • 25 Armstrong D, Bennett JR, Blum AL et al. The endoscopic assessment of esophagitis: a progress report on observer agreement. Gastroenterology 1996; 111: 85-92
  • 26 Pandolfino JE, Vakil NB, Kahrilas PJ. Comparison of inter- and intraobserver consistency for grading of esophagitis by expert and trainee endoscopists. Gastrointest Endosc 2002; 56: 639-643
  • 27 Vahabzadeh B, Seetharam AB, Cook MB et al. Validation of the Prague C & M criteria for the endoscopic grading of Barrett’s esophagus by gastroenterology trainees: a multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 75: 236-241
  • 28 Alvarez Herrero L, Curvers WL, van Vilsteren FGI et al. Validation of the Prague C&M classification of Barrett’s esophagus in clinical practice. Endoscopy 2013; 45: 876-882
  • 29 Forrest JA, Finlayson ND, Shearman DJ. Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding. Lancet 1974; 2: 394-397
  • 30 De Groot NL, Van Oijen MGH, Kessels K et al. Reassessment of the predictive value of the Forrest classification for peptic ulcer rebleeding and mortality: Can classification be simplified?. Endoscopy 2014; 46: 46-52
  • 31 Gralnek I, Dumonceau J-M, Kuipers E et al. Diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy 2015; 47: a1-a46
  • 32 Cheng H-T, Cheng C-L, Lin C-H et al. Caustic ingestion in adults: the role of endoscopic classification in predicting outcome. BMC Gastroenterol 2008; 8: 31
  • 33 LaBrecque D, Khan AG, Sarin SK et al. Esophageal Varices. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines 2014. Available from: http://www.worldgastroenterology.org/UserFiles/file/guidelines/esophageal-varices-english-2014.pdf. Accessed 2016 July 4
  • 34 de Franchis R, Baveno V. Faculty. Revising consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno V consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension. J Hepatol 2010; 53: 762-768
  • 35 Spigelman AD, Williams CB, Talbot IC et al. Upper gastrointestinal cancer in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Lancet 1989; 2: 783-785
  • 36 Syngal S, Brand RE, Church JM et al. ACG clinical guideline: Genetic testing and management of hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: 223-262 ; quiz 263
  • 37 Bennett C, Moayyedi P, Corley DA et al. BOB CAT: A large-scale review and Delphi consensus for management of Barrett’s esophagus with no dysplasia, indefinite for, or low-grade dysplasia. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: 662-682 ; quiz 683
  • 38 Fitzgerald RC, di Pietro M, Ragunath K et al. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the diagnosis and management of Barrett’s oesophagus. Gut 2014; 63: 7-42
  • 39 Tincani AJ, Brandalise N, Altemani A et al. Diagnosis of superficial esophageal cancer and dysplasia using endoscopic screening with a 2% lugol dye solution in patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2000; 22: 170-174
  • 40 Hashimoto CL, Iriya K, Baba ER et al. Lugol’s dye spray chromoendoscopy establishes early diagnosis of esophageal cancer in patients with primary head and neck cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 275-282
  • 41 Dubuc J, Legoux J-L, Winnock M et al. Endoscopic screening for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in high-risk patients: a prospective study conducted in 62 French endoscopy centers. Endoscopy 2006; 38: 690-695
  • 42 Boller D, Spieler P, Schoenegg R et al. Lugol chromoendoscopy combined with brush cytology in patients at risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Surg Endosc 2009; 23: 2748-2754
  • 43 Carvalho R, Areia M, Brito D et al. Diagnostic accuracy of lugol chromoendoscopy in the oesophagus in patients with head and neck cancer. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2013; 105: 79-83
  • 44 Komínek P, Vítek P, Urban O et al. Chromoendoscopy to detect early synchronous second primary esophageal carcinoma in patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck?. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013; 2013: 236264
  • 45 Ina H, Shibuya H, Ohashi I et al. The frequency of a concomitant early esophageal cancer in male patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Screening results using Lugol dye endoscopy. Cancer 1994; 73: 2038-2041
  • 46 Shiozaki H, Tahara H, Kobayashi K et al. Endoscopic screening of early esophageal cancer with the Lugol dye method in patients with head and neck cancers. Cancer 1990; 66: 2068-2071
  • 47 Reid BJ, Blount PL, Feng Z et al. Optimizing endoscopic biopsy detection of early cancers in Barrett’s high-grade dysplasia. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 3089-3096
  • 48 Spechler SJ, Sharma P, Souza RF et al. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterology 2011; 140: 1084-1091
  • 49 Abela JE, Going JJ, Mackenzie JF et al. Systematic four-quadrant biopsy detects Barrett’s dysplasia in more patients than nonsystematic biopsy. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 850-855
  • 50 Peters FP, Curvers WL, Rosmolen WD et al. Surveillance history of endoscopically treated patients with early Barrett’s neoplasia: Nonadherence to the Seattle biopsy protocol leads to sampling error. Dis Esophagus 2008; 21: 475-479
  • 51 Kariv R, Plesec TP, Goldblum JR et al. The Seattle protocol does not more reliably predict the detection of cancer at the time of esophagectomy than a less intensive surveillance protocol. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 7: 653-658
  • 52 Rugge M, Meggio A, Pennelli G et al. Gastritis staging in clinical practice: the OLGA staging system. Gut 2007; 56: 631-636
  • 53 Capelle LG, de Vries AC, Haringsma J et al. The staging of gastritis with the OLGA system by using intestinal metaplasia as an accurate alternative for atrophic gastritis. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 71: 1150-1158
  • 54 de Vries AC, Haringsma J, de Vries RA et al. Biopsy strategies for endoscopic surveillance of pre-malignant gastric lesions. Helicobacter 2010; 15: 259-264
  • 55 Guarner J, Herrera-Goepfert R, Mohar A et al. Diagnostic yield of gastric biopsy specimens when screening for preneoplastic lesions. Hum Pathol 2003; 34: 28-31
  • 56 Eriksson NK, Färkkilä MA, Voutilainen ME et al. The clinical value of taking routine biopsies from the incisura angularis during gastroscopy. Endoscopy 2005; 37: 532-536
  • 57 El-Zimaity HM, Graham DY. Evaluation of gastric mucosal biopsy site and number for identification of Helicobacter pylori or intestinal metaplasia: role of the Sydney System. Hum Pathol 1999; 30: 72-77
  • 58 Isajevs S, Liepniece-Karele I, Janciauskas D et al. The effect of incisura angularis biopsy sampling on the assessment of gastritis stage. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 26: 510-513
  • 59 Stolte M, Müller H, Talley NJ et al. In patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis and functional dyspepsia, a biopsy from the incisura angularis provides useful diagnostic information. Pathol Res Pract 2006; 202: 405-413
  • 60 Cabrera Chamorro C, Méndez Manchola C, Molina Ramírez I et al. [Endoscopic balloon dilatation of esophageal strictures in children]. Cir Pediatr 2013; 26: 106-111
  • 61 Caro L, Sánchez C, Rodríguez P et al. Endoscopic balloon dilation of anastomotic strictures occurring after laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Dig Dis 2008; 26: 314-317
  • 62 Contini S, Garatti M, Swarray-Deen A et al. Corrosive oesophageal strictures in children: outcomes after timely or delayed dilatation. Dig Liver Dis 2009; 41: 263-268
  • 63 Contini S, Tesfaye M, Picone P et al. Corrosive esophageal injuries in children. A shortlived experience in Sierra Leone. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 71: 1597-1604
  • 64 Dellon ES, Gibbs WB, Rubinas TC et al. Esophageal dilation in eosinophilic esophagitis: safety and predictors of clinical response and complications. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 71: 706-712
  • 65 Fry LC, Mönkemüller K, Neumann H et al. Incidence, clinical management and outcomes of esophageal perforations after endoscopic dilatation. Zeitschrift für Gastroenterol 2007; 45: 1180-1184
  • 66 Hagel AF, Naegel A, Dauth W et al. Perforation during esophageal dilatation: a 10-year experience. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2013; 22: 385-389
  • 67 Jayakrishnan VK, Wilkinson AG. Treatment of oesophageal strictures in children: a comparison of fluoroscopically guided balloon dilatation with surgical bouginage. Pediatr Radiol 2001; 31: 98-101
  • 68 Ko H-K, Shin JH, Song H-Y et al. Balloon dilation of anastomotic strictures secondary to surgical repair of esophageal atresia in a pediatric population: long-term results. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2006; 17: 1327-1333
  • 69 Laín A, Cerdá J, Cañizo A et al. [Analysis of esophageal strictures secondary to surgical correction of esophageal atresia]. Cir Pediatr 2007; 20: 203-208
  • 70 Lakhdar-Idrissi M, Khabbache K, Hida M. Esophageal endoscopic dilations. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012; 54: 744-747
  • 71 Lan LCL, Wong KKY, Lin SCL et al. Endoscopic balloon dilatation of esophageal strictures in infants and children: 17 years’ experience and a literature review. J Pediatr Surg 2003; 38: 1712-1715
  • 72 Lang T, Hümmer HP, Behrens R. Balloon dilation is preferable to bougienage in children with esophageal atresia. Endoscopy 2001; 33: 329-335
  • 73 Lian JJ, Ma LL, Hu JW et al. Endoscopic balloon dilatation for benign esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early esophageal neoplasms. J Dig Dis 2014; 15: 224-229
  • 74 Na HK, Choi KD, Ahn JY et al. Outcomes of balloon dilation for the treatment of strictures after endoscopic submucosal dissection compared with peptic strictures. Surg Endosc 2013; 27: 3237-3246
  • 75 Poddar U, Thapa BR. Benign esophageal strictures in infants and children: results of Savary-Gilliard bougie dilation in 107 Indian children. Gastrointest Endosc 2001; 54: 480-484
  • 76 Qureshi S, Ghazanfar S, Leghari A et al. Benign esophageal strictures: behaviour, pattern and response to dilatation. J Pak Med Assoc 2010; 60: 656-660
  • 77 Rana SS, Bhasin DK, Chandail VS et al. Endoscopic balloon dilatation without fluoroscopy for treating gastric outlet obstruction because of benign etiologies. Surg Endosc 2011; 25: 1579-1584
  • 78 Raymondi R, Pereira-Lima JC, Valves A et al. Endoscopic dilation of benign esophageal strictures without fluoroscopy: experience of 2750 procedures. Hepatogastroenterology 2008; 55: 1342-1348
  • 79 Romeo E, Foschia F, de Angelis P et al. Endoscopic management of congenital esophageal stenosis. J Pediatr Surg 2011; 46: 838-841
  • 80 Said M, Mekki M, Golli M et al. Balloon dilatation of anastomotic strictures secondary to surgical repair of oesophageal atresia. Br J Radiol 2003; 76: 26-31
  • 81 Shehata SMK, Enaba ME. Endoscopic dilatation for benign oesophageal strictures in infants and toddlers: experience of an expectant protocol from North African tertiary centre. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2012; 9: 187-192
  • 82 Thyoka M, Barnacle A, Chippington S et al. Fluoroscopic balloon dilation of esophageal atresia anastomotic strictures in children and young adults: single-center study of 103 consecutive patients from 1999 to 2011. Radiology 2014; 271: 596-601
  • 83 Ukleja A, Shiroky J, Agarwal A et al. Esophageal dilations in eosinophilic esophagitis: a single center experience. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20: 9549-9555
  • 84 Uygun I, Arslan MS, Aydogdu B et al. Fluoroscopic balloon dilatation for caustic esophageal stricture in children: an 8-year experience. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48: 2230-2234
  • 85 Weintraub JL, Eubig J. Balloon catheter dilatation of benign esophageal strictures in children. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2006; 17: 831-835
  • 86 Yeming W, Somme S, Chenren S et al. Balloon catheter dilatation in children with congenital and acquired esophageal anomalies. J Pediatr Surg 2002; 37: 398-402
  • 87 Yoda Y, Yano T, Kaneko K et al. Endoscopic balloon dilatation for benign fibrotic strictures after curative nonsurgical treatment for esophageal cancer. Surg Endosc 2012; 26: 2877-2883
  • 88 Albéniz-Arbizu E, Pueyo-Royo A, Eguaras-Ros J et al. Endoscopic mucosal resection for proximal superficial lesions: efficacy and safety study in 59 consecutive resections. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2012; 104: 458-467
  • 89 Alexander S, Bourke MJ, Williams SJ et al. EMR of large, sessile, sporadic nonampullary duodenal adenomas: technical aspects and long-term outcome (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 69: 66-73
  • 90 Basford PJ, George R, Nixon E et al. Endoscopic resection of sporadic duodenal adenomas: comparison of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) with hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) techniques and the risks of late delayed bleeding. Surg Endosc 2014; 28: 1594-1600
  • 91 Binmoeller KF, Shah JN, Bhat YM et al. “Underwater” EMR of sporadic laterally spreading nonampullary duodenal adenomas (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 78: 496-502
  • 92 Conio M, De Ceglie A, Filiberti R et al. Cap-assisted EMR of large, sporadic, nonampullary duodenal polyps. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 76: 1160-1169
  • 93 Conio M, Fisher DA, Blanchi S et al. One-step circumferential endoscopic mucosal cap resection of Barrett’s esophagus with early neoplasia. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2014; 38: 81-91
  • 94 Fanning SB, Bourke MJ, Williams SJ et al. Giant laterally spreading tumors of the duodenum: endoscopic resection outcomes, limitations, and caveats. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 75: 805-812
  • 95 Huntington JT, Walker JP, Meara MP et al. Endoscopic mucosal resection for staging and treatment of early esophageal carcinoma: a single institution experience. Surg Endosc 2015; 29: 2121-2125
  • 96 Inoue T, Uedo N, Yamashina T et al. Delayed perforation: a hazardous complication of endoscopic resection for non-ampullary duodenal neoplasm. Dig Endosc 2014; 26: 220-227
  • 97 Kakushima N, Ono H, Takao T et al. Method and timing of resection of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors. Dig Endosc 2014; 26 (Suppl. 02) 35-40
  • 98 Kim GH, Kim JI, Jeon SW et al. Endoscopic resection for duodenal carcinoid tumors: a multicenter, retrospective study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29: 318-324
  • 99 Kim H-K, Chung WC, Lee B-I et al. Efficacy and long-term outcome of endoscopic treatment of sporadic nonampullary duodenal adenoma. Gut Liver 2010; 4: 373-377
  • 100 Konda VJA, Gonzalez Haba Ruiz M, Koons A et al. Complete endoscopic mucosal resection is effective and durable treatment for Barrett’s-associated neoplasia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 12: 2002-2010.e1-e2
  • 101 Lee KJ, Kim GH, Park DY et al. Endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal lipomas: a single-center experience. Surg Endosc 2014; 28: 185-192
  • 102 Li N, Pasricha S, Bulsiewicz WJ et al. Effects of preceding endoscopic mucosal resection on the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation for treatment of Barrett’s esophagus: results from the United States Radiofrequency Ablation Registry. Dis Esophagus 2015; Epub ahead of print
  • 103 Makazu M, Kato K, Takisawa H et al. Feasibility of endoscopic mucosal resection as salvage treatment for patients with local failure after definitive chemoradiotherapy for stage IB, II, and III esophageal squamous cell cancer. Dis Esophagus 2014; 27: 42-49
  • 104 Matsumoto S, Yoshida Y. Selection of appropriate endoscopic therapies for duodenal tumors: an open-label study, single-center experience. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20: 8624-8630
  • 105 Min B-H, Kim ER, Lee JH et al. Management strategy for small duodenal carcinoid tumors: does conservative management with close follow-up represent an alternative to endoscopic treatment?. Digestion 2013; 87: 247-253
  • 106 Min YW, Min B-H, Kim ER et al. Efficacy and safety of endoscopic treatment for nonampullary sporadic duodenal adenomas. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58: 2926-2932
  • 107 Navaneethan U, Lourdusamy D, Mehta D et al. Endoscopic resection of large sporadic non-ampullary duodenal polyps: efficacy and long-term recurrence. Surg Endosc 2014; 28: 2616-2622
  • 108 Nonaka S, Oda I, Tada K et al. Clinical outcome of endoscopic resection for nonampullary duodenal tumors. Endoscopy 2015; 47: 129-135
  • 109 Oka S, Tanaka S, Higashiyama M et al. Clinical validity of the expanded criteria for endoscopic resection of undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer based on long-term outcomes. Surg Endosc 2014; 28: 639-647
  • 110 Oka S, Tanaka S, Nagata S et al. Clinicopathologic features and endoscopic resection of early primary nonampullary duodenal carcinoma. J Clin Gastroenterol 2003; 37: 381-386
  • 111 Park SM, Ham JH, Kim B-W et al. Feasibility of endoscopic resection for sessile nonampullary duodenal tumors: a multicenter retrospective study. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015: 692492
  • 112 Pimentel-Nunes P, Mourão F, Veloso N et al. Long-term follow-up after endoscopic resection of gastric superficial neoplastic lesions in Portugal. Endoscopy 2014; 46: 933-940
  • 113 Qumseya B, David W, Woodward TA et al. Safety of esophageal EMR in elderly patients. Gastrointest Endosc 2014; 80: 586-591
  • 114 Seo JY, Hong SJ, Han JP et al. Usefulness and safety of endoscopic treatment for nonampullary duodenal adenoma and adenocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29: 1692-1698
  • 115 Sohn JW, Jeon SW, Cho CM et al. Endoscopic resection of duodenal neoplasms: a single-center study. Surg Endosc 2010; 24: 3195-3200
  • 116 Uygun A, Kadayifci A, Polat Z et al. Long-term results of endoscopic resection for type I gastric neuroendocrine tumors. J Surg Oncol 2014; 109: 71-74
  • 117 Yamamoto Y, Yoshizawa N, Tomida H et al. Therapeutic outcomes of endoscopic resection for superficial non-ampullary duodenal tumor. Dig Endosc 2014; 26 (Suppl. 02) 50-56
  • 118 Zhong Y-S, Shi Q, Wu H-F et al. Endoscopic resection for the treatment of duodenal Brunner’s adenomas. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2012; 22: 904-909
  • 119 van Zuuren FJ, Grypdonck M, Crevits E et al. The effect of an information brochure on patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a randomized controlled study. Patient Educ Couns 2006; 64: 173-182
  • 120 Ajumobi A, Bahjri K, Jackson C et al. Surveillance in Barrett’s esophagus: An audit of practice. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55: 1615-1621
  • 121 Bansal A, Mcgregor DH, Anand O et al. Presence or absence of intestinal metaplasia but not its burden is associated with prevalent high-grade dysplasia and cancer in Barrett’s esophagus. Dis Esophagus 2014; 27: 751-756
  • 122 Basu KK, Pick B, de Caestecker JS. Audit of a Barrett’s epithelium surveillance database. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 16: 171-175
  • 123 Bertani H, Frazzoni M, Dabizzi E et al. Improved detection of incident dysplasia by probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy in a Barrett’s esophagus surveillance program. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58: 188-193
  • 124 Canto MIF, Setrakian S, Willis J et al. Methylene blue–directed biopsies improve detection of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc 2000; 51: 560-568
  • 125 Conio M, Blanchi S, Lapertosa G et al. Long-term endoscopic surveillance of patients with Barrett’s esophagus. Incidence of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma: A prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 1931-1939
  • 126 Egger K, Werner M, Meining A et al. Biopsy surveillance is still necessary in patients with Barrett’s oesophagus despite new endoscopic imaging techniques. Gut 2003; 52: 18-23
  • 127 Gladman L, Chapman W, Iqbal TH et al. Barrett’s oesophagus: an audit of surveillance over a 17-year period. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 18: 271-276
  • 128 Gopal DV, Lieberman DA, Magaret N et al. Risk factors for dysplasia in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE): Results from a multicenter consortium. Dig Dis Sci 2003; 48: 1537-1541
  • 129 de Jonge PJ, van Blankenstein M, Looman CW et al. Risk of malignant progression in patients with Barrett’s oesophagus: a Dutch nationwide cohort study. Gut 2010; 59: 1030-1036
  • 130 Sharma P, Hawes RH, Bansal A et al. Standard endoscopy with random biopsies versus narrow band imaging targeted biopsies in Barrett’s oesophagus: a prospective, international, randomised controlled trial. Gut 2013; 62: 15-21
  • 131 Hillman LC, Chiragakis L, Clarke AC et al. Barrett’s esophagus: Macroscopic markers and the prediction of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 18: 526-533
  • 132 Hurschler D, Borovicka J, Neuweiler J et al. Increased detection rates for Barrett’s oesophagus without rise in incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Swiss Med Wkly 2003; 133: 507-514
  • 133 Komanduri S, Swanson G, Keefer L et al. Use of a new jumbo forceps improves tissue acquisition of Barrett’s esophagus surveillance biopsies. Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 70: 1072-1078.e1
  • 134 Macdonald CE, Wicks AC, Playford RJ. Final results from 10 year cohort of patients undergoing surveillance for Barrett’s oesophagus: Observational study. BMJ 2000; 321: 1252-1255
  • 135 Murphy SJ, Dickey W, Hughes D et al. Surveillance for Barrett’s oesophagus: results from a programme in Northern Ireland. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 17: 1029-1035
  • 136 Oberg S, Wenner J, Johansson J et al. Barrett esophagus: risk factors for progression to dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg 2005; 242: 49-54
  • 137 Olithselvan A, Gorard DA, McIntyre AS. A surveillance programme for Barrett’s oesophagus in a UK general hospital. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19: 305-309
  • 138 Pohl J, Pech O, May A et al. Incidence of macroscopically occult neoplasias in Barrett’s esophagus: are random biopsies dispensable in the era of advanced endoscopic imaging?. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105: 2350-2356
  • 139 Ramus JR, Gatenby PA, Caygill CPJ et al. Surveillance of Barrett’s columnar-lined oesophagus in the UK: endoscopic intervals and frequency of detection of dysplasia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 21: 636-641
  • 140 Rudolph RE, Vaughan TL, Storer BE et al. Effect of segment length on risk for neoplastic progression in patients with Barrett esophagus. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132: 612-620
  • 141 Rugge M, Zaninotto G, Parente P et al. Barrettʼs esophagus and Adenocarcinoma Risk. Ann Surg 2012; 256: 788-795
  • 142 Sharma P, Weston AP, Topalovski M et al. Magnification chromoendoscopy for the detection of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus. Gut 2003; 52: 24-27
  • 143 Sharma P, Bansal A, Mathur S et al. The utility of a novel narrow band imaging endoscopy system in patients with Barrett’s esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 64: 167-175
  • 144 Terry NG, Zhu Y, Rinehart MT et al. Detection of dysplasia in barrett’s esophagus with in vivo depth-resolved nuclear morphology measurements. Gastroenterology 2011; 140: 42-50
  • 145 Wani S, Falk G, Hall M et al. Patients with nondysplastic Barrett’s esophagus have low risks for developing dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9: 220-227.e1
  • 146 Wong T, Tian J, Nagar AB. Barrett’s surveillance identifies patients with early esophageal adenocarcinoma. Am J Med 2010; 123: 462-427