Sonografie peripherer Nerven: Relevante Indikationen für die klinische Praxis

Zusammenfassung

Unter Verwendung hochauflösender Ultraschalltechnologie gelingt es in der Ultraschalldiagnostik, die meisten Nerven der oberen und unteren Extremitäten, inklusive des Plexus brachialis zuverlässig darzustellen. Als komplementäre Methode zur Elektrophysiologie ergänzt die Sonografie die Kenntnisse über eine gestörte Funktion peripherer Nerven durch zusätzliche Informationen über morphologische Veränderungen der Nerven sowie deren umgebendes Gewebe. Am häufigsten wird die Sonografie bei Nervenkompressionssyndromen wie dem Karpaltunnelsyndrom oder der Ulnarisneuropathie am Ellenbogen, bei traumatischen Nervenschädigungen, benignen Nervenscheidentumore sowie bei immun-vermittelten und hereditären Neuropathien angewendet. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur praxisrelevante Indikation der Sonografie peripherer Nerven aufzeigen.

Abstract

Using high-definition ultrasound technology makes it possible to reliably evaluate the majority of the nerves of the upper and lower extremities including the brachial plexus with ultrasonography. Complementary with electrodiagnostic testing, ultrasonography supplements our knowledge on a disturbed function of nerves by proving additional information on morphologic changes of the nerve’s structure and of its surrounding tissue. Most frequently, ultrasonography is applied in entrapment syndromes like carpal tunnel syndrome or an ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, in traumatic nerve injuries, benign nerve sheath tumors as well as in immune mediated and hereditary neuropathies. Considering the most current literature, this review aims to describe relevant indications of ultrasonography of peripheral nerves for clinical practice.

Schlüsselwörter

Sonografie peripherer Nerven - Karpaltunnelsyndrom - Ulnarisneuropathie am Ellenbogen - traumatische Nervenläsionen - benigne Nervenscheidentumore

Key words

sonography of peripheral nerves - carpal tunnel syndrome - ulnar neuropathy at the elbow - traumatic nerve injuries - benign nerve sheath tumors

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