Download PDF
Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2019; 144(02): 114-127
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-110658
CME-Fortbildung
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Infektiöse Endokarditis

Infective Endocarditis
Fabian Knebel
,
David Frumkin
,
Frank A. Flachskampf
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
23 January 2019 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Infective endocarditis is a severe, mostly bacterial disease characterized by high mortality and morbidity. Both diagnosis and therapy are difficult, and mortality rates have not improved over decades. We review diagnostic and management problems, the disease's modern face in the era of widespread cardiac implants and valve interventions, and current diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.

Die infektiöse Endokarditis (IE) ist eine schwere, meist bakterielle Erkrankung – oft tödlich oder mit einer hohen Morbidität belastet. Diagnose und Therapie der IE gehören zu den schwierigsten Aufgaben in der Kardiologie. Dieser Beitrag stellt die diagnostischen Herausforderungen dieser sehr oft zu spät erkannten und behandelten Krankheit in den Vordergrund und beschreibt aktuelle Erscheinungsformen, Diagnosestrategien und Behandlungsoptionen.

Schlüsselwörter

Endokarditis - transösophageale Echokardiografie - Antibiotikaprophylaxe - Endokarditis-Team - Herzklappenprothesen

Key words

endocarditis - transesophageal echocardiography - antibiotic prophylaxis - endocarditis team - heart valve prostheses
 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Murdoch DR, Corey GR, Hoen B. et al. Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 463-473
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Keller K, von Bardeleben RS, Ostad MA. et al. Temporal trends in the prevalence of infective endocarditis in Germany between 2005 and 2014. Am J Cardiol 2017; 119: 317-332
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Benito N, Miró JM, de Lazzari E. ICE-PCS (International Collaboration on Endocarditis Prospective Cohort Study) Investigators. et al. Health care-associated native valve endocarditis: importance of non-nosocomial acquisition. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150: 586-594 . Erratum in: Ann Intern Med 2010; 152: 480
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Buerke FM, Horstkotte D, Levenson B. et al. Kommentar zu den 2015-Leitlinien der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie zur Infektiösen Endokarditis. Kardiologe 2016; 10: 142-148
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ. ESC Scientific Document Group. et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J 2015; 36: 3075-3128 . doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv319
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Duval X, Delahaye F, Alla F. et al. Temporal trends in infective endocarditis in the context of prophylaxis guideline modifications: three successive population-based surveys. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59: 1968-1976
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Desimone DC, Tleyjeh IM, Correa de Sa DD. et al. Incidence of infective endocarditis caused by viridans group streptococci before and after publication of the 2007 American Heart Association’s endocarditis prevention guidelines. Circulation 2012; 126: 60-64
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Pasquali SK, He X, Mohamad Z. et al. Trends in endocarditis hospitalizations at US children’s hospitals: impact of the 2007 American Heart Association Antibiotic Prophylaxis Guidelines. Am Heart J 2012; 163: 894-899
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Lockhart PB, Brennan MT, Sasser HC. et al. Bacteremia associated with toothbrushing and dental extraction. Circulation 2008; 117: 3118-3125
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Botelho-Nevers E, Thuny F, Casalta JP. et al. Dramatic reduction in infective endocarditis–related mortality with a management-based approach. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 1290-1298 . doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.192
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Thuny F, Disalvo G, Belliard O. et al. Risk of embolism and death in infective endocarditis: prognostic value of echocardiography. Circulation 2005; 112: 69-75
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Erbel R, Rohmann S, Drexler M. et al. Improved diagnostic value of echocardiography in patients with infective endocarditis by transoesophageal approach. A prospective study. Eur Heart J 1988; 9: 43-53
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Swart LE, Scholtens AM, Tanis W. et al. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission/computed tomography and computed tomography angiography in prosthetic heart valve endocarditis: from guidelines to clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2018 [Epub ahead of print]
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Erba PA, Conti U, Lazzeri E. et al. Added value of 99mTc-HMPAO-labeled leukocyte SPECT/CT in the characterization and management of patients with infectious endocarditis. J Nucl Med 2012; 53: 1235-1243
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Fagman E, Perrotta S, Bech-Hanssen O. et al. ECG-gated computed tomography: a new role for patients with suspected aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis. Eur Radiol 2012; 22: 2407-2414
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Vilacosta I, Graupner C, San Román JA. et al. Risk of embolization after institution of antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 1489-1495
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Dickerman SA, Abrutyn E, Barsic B. et al. The relationship between the initiation of antimicrobial therapy and the incidence of stroke in infective endocarditis: an analysis from the ICE Prospective Cohort Study (ICE-PCS). Am Heart J 2007; 154: 1086-1094
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Kang DH, Kim YJ, Kim SH. et al. Early surgery versus conventional treatment for infective endocarditis. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 2466-2673 . doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1112843
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Vongpatanasin W, Hillis LD, Lange RA. Prosthetic heart valves. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 407-416
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Wang A, Athan E, Pappas PA. et al. Contemporary clinical profile and outcome of prosthetic valve endocarditis. JAMA 2007; 297: 1354-1361
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Salaun E, Sportouch L, Barral PA. et al. Diagnosis of infective endocarditis after TAVR: Value of a multimodality imaging approach. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 11: 143-146 . doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.05.016
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Latib A, Naim C, De Bonis M. et al. TAVR-associated prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: results of a large, multicenter registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64: 2176-2178 . doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.09.021
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Johansen JB, Jorgensen OD, Moller M. et al. Infection after pacemaker implantation: infection rates and risk factors associated with infection in a population-based cohort study of 46299 consecutive patients. Eur Heart J 2011; 32: 991-998
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Bongiorni MG, Tascini C, Tagliaferri E. et al. Microbiology of cardiac implantable electronic device infections. Europace 2012; 14: 1334-1339
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Miro JM, del Rio A, Mestres CA. Infective endocarditis and cardiac surgery in intravenous drug abusers and HIV-1 infected patients. Cardiol Clin 2003; 21: 167-184
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Wilson LE, Thomas DL, Astemborski J. et al. Prospective study of infective endocarditis among injection drug users. J Infect Dis 2002; 185: 1761-1766
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar