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Synthesis 1972; 1972(10): 533-542
DOI: 10.1055/s-1972-21912
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Friedel-Crafts Acylations with Little or No Catalyst

D. E. PEARSON* , Calvin A. BUEHLER
  • *Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, U.S.A.
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Publication History

Publication Date:
12 September 2002 (online)

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With active aromatic nuclei, Friedel-Crafts acylation occurs, usually in modest amounts, without the presence of a catalyst, Catalysts in small amounts increase the rate and yield of the reaction. The most widely employed catalysts appear to be ferric chloride, iodine, zinc chloride, and iron. The most satisfactory yields were obtained with aryl ethers, polynuclear arenes, and thiophene.