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DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-10196
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Einfluss hypertensiver Schwangerschaftskomplikationen auf das neonatale Outcome wachstumsretardierter Feten
Effect of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy on neonatal outcome in growth restricted fetusesPublication History
Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Trotz erfolgreicher Senkung der perinatalen Mortalität stellen Frühgeburtlichkeit und fetale Wachstumsretardierung (IUGR) weiterhin die Hauptrisikofaktoren für die perinatale Morbidität dar. Hypertensive Schwangerschaftskomplikationen zählen zu den häufigsten Ursachen der IUGR und der Frühgeburtlichkeit. Ob hypertensive Schwangerschaftskomplikationen einen positiven Einfluss auf das fetale Outcome ausüben, wird kontrovers diskutiert. Deshalb war es Ziel dieser Studie, den Einfluss der Präeklampsie und des HELLP-Syndroms auf die perinatale Mortalität und Morbidität in einem Hochrisikokollektiv zu untersuchen.
Material und Methodik Retrospektive Analyse der IUGR-Einlingsschwangerschaften (n=220) im Zeitraum von Januar 1996 bis Juli 1997 an der UFK Homburg/Saar. 4 Gruppen (Gruppe I: IUGR-Feten und Präeklampsie [n=68], Gruppe II: IUGR-Feten ohne Präeklampsie [n=152], Gruppe III: IUGR-Feten und HELLP-Syndrom [n=7], Gruppe IV: IUGR-Feten ohne HELLP-Syndrom [n=213]) wurden hinsichtlich der perinatalen Mortalität und Morbidität miteinander verglichen.
Ergebnisse Die Dauer des stationären Aufenthaltes in der Kinderklinik und die Inzidenz des neonatalen Atemnotsyndroms waren im Falle einer Präeklampsie und eines HELLP-Syndroms signifikant erhöht (p < 0,05, p < 0,01). Im Falle eines HELLP-Syndroms waren zusätzlich die Inzidenz einer Hirnblutung, einer Infektion, einer Sepsis, gastrointestinaler Komplikationen und kardialer Komplikationen signifikant erhöht (p < 0,05, p < 0,01). Hypertensive Schwangerschaftskomplikationen führten zu einer signifikanten Reduktion des Geburtsgewichts (p < 0,05).
Schlussfolgerung Vorliegende Ergebnisse konnten im Falle einer Präeklampsie oder eines HELLP-Syndromes eine signifikante Steigerung perinataler Komplikationen aufzeigen und belegen damit die Notwendigkeit der intensiven ante- und intrapartalen Überwachung dieser Feten. Eine Reduktion der zerebralen Morbidität dieser Neugeborenen wurde nicht beobachtet.
Objective To determine the effect of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy on the neonatal outcome of growth restricted fetuses. There is conflicting data on the effect of hypertension during pregnancy on the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and intraventricular hemorrhage. Some studies report a lower incidence of RDS and intraventricular hemorrhage in infants of hypertensive mothers, whereas other studies report a similar or higher incidence in infants born to hypertensive mothers.
Study design We performed a retrospective analysis of 220 growth restricted fetuses born between January 1, 1996 to July 1, 1997 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University-Hospital at Homburg/Saar. Data were obtained by review of the medical records. Growth restricted infants born to preeclamptic women or women with HELLP syndrome were compared to growth restricted fetuses born to mothers without hypertensive disorders.
Results Growth restricted fetuses born to hypertensive mothers had a significant lower birth weight (p < 0.05). The incidence of RDS in children born to hypertensive mothers was significantly higher (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) and they stayed significantly longer in the neonatal intensive care unit (p < 0.01). In contrast to infants born to mothers with HELLP syndrome (n=7) there was no difference in the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage, infection, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis or cardiac complications (arrhythmia, insufficiency) in case of preeclampsia (n=68). The perinatal mortality of infants born to hypertensive mothers was significantly higher (p < 0.05, p < 0.01).
Conclusion This study does not support the contention that hypertensive disorders in pregnancy have a beneficial effect on the postnatal course of IUGR infants.
Schlüsselwörter
Präeklampsie - HELLP-Syndrom - fetale Wachstumsretardierung
Key words
Preeclampsia - HELLP syndrome - growth restricted fetus
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Dr. med. R. Axt
Universitäts-Frauenklinik und Poliklinik mit Hebammenlehranstalt
66421 Homburg/Saar