Zusammenfassung:
Hintergrund: Die obstruktive Schlaf-Apnoe (OSA) ist vermutlich signifikant mit zerebrovaskulären
Erkrankungen assoziiert. Epidemiologische Daten, die einen solchen Zusammenhang sicher
belegen, fehlen jedoch noch weitgehend. Deswegen war das Ziel der vorliegenden retrospektiven
Untersuchung, Anhaltspunkte für die Prävalenz von Schlaganfall und transitorischer
ischämischer Attacke (TIA) bei OSA zu gewinnen.
Patienten und Methode: 187 konsekutive Patienten mit einer polysomnographisch gesicherten Diagnose einer
OSA, die während des Zeitraums von 1/1998 bis 3/2000 in unserem Schlaflabor untersucht
worden waren, wurden erfasst.
Ergebnisse: Die Prävalenz von Schlaganfall und TIA war 7 %. Die Prävalenzraten für koronare Herzerkrankung
und arterielle Hypertonie waren höher (14 % bzw. 53 %). Die 13 OSA-Patienten mit Schlaganfall
waren ältere, übergewichtige Männer (Alter: 64 ± 1,7 Jahre, BMI : 31,4 ± 1,1 kg/m2 ). Sie litten unter einer mittel- bis höhergradig ausgeprägten OSA (AHI: 43 ± 5/h)
und hatten fast alle einen Hypertonus. In allen Fällen lag ein ischämischer Schlaganfall
vor, persistierende neurologische Ausfälle waren bei keinem Patienten zu beobachten.
Die mittlere Latenzzeit zwischen dem Auftreten von Schlaganfall oder TIA und der Diagnose
OSA war 41,9 ± 11,3 Monate.
Schlussfolgerungen: Zusammenfassend war die Prävalenz von Schlaganfall und TIA in unserer Untersuchung
von insgesamt 187 OSA-Patienten 7 %. Aufgrund von „confounding factors” wie Alter,
Körpergewicht und Hypertonus sind prospektiv angelegte Fall-Kontroll-Studien notwendig,
um das Risikopotenzial der OSA für die Entwicklung zerebrovaskulärer Erkrankungen
definitiv beurteilen zu können.
Prevalence of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- a Retrospective Analysis of 187 Consecutive Patients:
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is presumed to be significantly associated with cerebrovascular
disease; however, there are no consistent epidemiological data providing proof of
such a link. Hence, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of
stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) in patients with OSA.
Patients and methods: 187 consecutive patients with a polysomnographically verified diagnosis of OSA who
had been admitted to our sleep laboratory during 1/98 - 3/00 were retrospectively
analysed.
Results: The prevalence of stroke and TIA was 7 %. This rate was lower if compared with those
for coronary artery disease and arterial hypertension in the same study cohort (14
% and 53 % respectively). The 13 OSA patients with stroke were elderly overweight
men (age: 64 ± 1.7 years, BMI: 31.4 ± 1.1 kg/m2 ). They had quite severe OSA (AHI: 43 ± 5/h) and almost all of them suffered from
arterial hypertension. In all cases, the insult was caused by cerebral or brain stem
ischemia. None of the patients presented with persistent neurological deficits. The
mean latency period between the occurrence of stroke or TIA and the diagnosis of OSA
was 41.9 ± 11.3 months.
Conclusion: In summary, the prevalence of stroke or TIA in our series of 187 consecutive OSA
patients was 7 %. Further prospective studies controlling for confounding factors
such as age, body weight and arterial hypertension are needed to clarify the risk
potential of OSA for the development of cerebrovascular disorders.
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1 Nach einem Vortrag gehalten auf der Tagung der Sektion „Nächtliche Atmungs- und Kreislaufstörungen”
der DGP und der Arbeitsgruppe Apnoe der DGSM am 12. 11. 1999 in Hagen.
Dr. med R Schulz
Medizinische Klinik II Justus-Liebig-Universität
Klinikstr. 36 35392 Gießen