Background and Study Aims: This prospective study evaluated the selective use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography
(ERC) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the context of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
(LC).
Patients and Methods: Between 1993 and 1998, LC for symptomatic gallstones was indicated in 300 consecutive
patients. In order to diagnose and treat choledocholithiasis preoperatively, we performed,
on the basis of preoperative criteria, ERC in “high-risk” patients and EUS in “intermediate-risk”
patients. Choledocholithiasis was treated by preoperative biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy
(BES). LC was performed either after the endoscopic procedure or directly in “low-risk”
patients.
Results: A total of 104 patients (35 %) had 118 preoperative procedures: a) EUS (n = 68; feasibility
100 %): choledocholithiasis was observed in 14/68 patients (21 %); b) ERC (n = 50;
feasibility 94 %): 36 ERC were indicated on on preoperative criteria, and 14 on the
basis of EUS results. Choledocholithiasis was found in 41/50 patients (82 %) (13/14
patients with positive EUS), 19 % of “intermediate-risk” patients, and 78 % of “high-risk”
patients; ERC failed in three patients who had no choledocholithiasis on subsequent
intraoperative cholangiography (IOC). Clearance of the common bile duct (CBD) was
achieved after BES in 41/41 patients. There was no mortality; complications occurred
in 4/300 patients (1 %). No retained stones were found in patients of any of the three
groups, after a mean follow-up of 32 months.
Conclusions: Combined endoscopic and laparoscopie management of cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis
is a viable option and is optimized by the use of EUS.
Abstract in French
Buts de l'Etude: Ce travail prospectif a évalué l'utilisation sélective de la cholangiographie
rétrograde endoscopique (CRE) et de l'écho-endoscopie (EE) avant une cholécystectomie
laparoscopique.
Patients et Méthodes: De 1993 à 1998 une cholécystectomie laparoscopique pour lithiase
biliaire symptomatique a été indiquée chez 300 malades consécutifs. Afin de diagnostiquer
et de traiter une éventuelle lithiase associée de la voie biliaire principale (LVBP),
nous avons réalisé, selon des critères prédictifs préopératoires de LVBP, une CRE
chez les malades à haut risque, et une EE chez les malades à risque intermédiaire.
Les LVBP ont été traitées par sphinctérotomie endoscopique biliaire (SEB). La cholécystectomie
laparoscopique a été réalisée après le (les) geste(s) endoscopique(s), ou directement
chez les patients à faible risque.
Resultats: Cent quatre malades (35%) ont eu 118 gestes endoscopiques préopératoires:
a) EE (n = 68; faisabilité 100%): une LVBP a été visualisée chez 14/68 malades (21%);
b) CRF (n = 50; faisabilité 94%): 36 CRE ont été indiquées en fonction de critères
préopératoires, et 14 après visualisation d'une LVBP à l'EE. Une LVBP a été retrouvée
chez 41/50 malades (82%) (13/14 des CRE indiquées après EE), 19% des malades à risque
intermédiaire et 78% des malades à haut risque; la CRE n'a pas été possible chez trois
malades, qui n'avaiient pas de LVBP à la cholangiographie peropératoire. La vidange
de la voie biliaire principale a été obtenue par SEB chez 41/41 malades. La mortalité
a été nulle, et une complication est survenue chez 4/300 malades (1%). Aucune LVBP
résiduelle n'a été diagnostiquée dans les trois groupes de malades, après un suivi
moyen de 32 mois.
Conclusion: Le traitement combiné endoscopique et laparoscopique de la lithiase biliaire
est une option fiable, optimisée par l'utilisation de l'EE.
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S. V. BerdahM.D.
Service de Chirurgie Digestive Hôpital Nord
Chemin des Bourrelly 13915 Marseilles Cedex 20 France
Fax: Fax:+ 33-491-968 076
Email: E-mail:sberdah@mail.ap-hm.fr