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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-38284
Hat die Größe der Geburtsklinik Einfluss auf das neonatale Überleben?
Schätzung von „vermeidbaren” Todesfällen in Hessen 1990-2000Assessing the impact of delivery unit size on neonatal survivalEstimation of potentially avoidable deaths in Hessen, Germany, 1990-2000Publication History
eingereicht: 12.8.2002
akzeptiert: 12.2.2003
Publication Date:
27 March 2003 (online)
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Zur Frage, inwieweit sich die Größe der Geburtsklinik auf das gesundheitliche Outcome von Neugeborenen auswirkt, liegen nur wenige Analysen in der BRD vor. In dieser Studie sollte der Einfluss der Klinikgröße auf das neonatale Überleben evaluiert werden.
Patienten und Methodik: Die Hessische Perinatalerhebung 1990-2000 mit 640554 Geburten sowie die Hessische Neonatalerhebung 1989-1997 wurden analysiert und attributable (d. h. potenziell vermeidbare) Todesfälle in Abhängigkeit von Geburtsgewichtskategorien und Klinikgrößen berechnet. Zusätzlich wurden Trendanalysen und eine Hochrechnung für attributable Todesfälle der Gesamt-BRD durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse: Im Vergleich zu den großen Geburtsklinken zeigten sich erhöhte risikoadjustierte Mortalitätsraten in kleineren geburtshilflichen Einheiten. Die Schätzung attributabler Sterbefälle ergab 257 Verstorbene in 11 Jahren. Obwohl eine Trendanalyse eine Verringerung dieses Effektes anzeigte, ergab eine Hochrechnung auf die Gesamt-BRD, basierend auf den Jahren 1997-2000, mehr als 300 attributable Sterbefälle pro Jahr.
Folgerungen: Auch nach kritischer Diskussion und bei zurückhaltender Interpretation ist eine valide Aussage über die Größenordnung der attributablen Sterbefälle möglich. Demnach sind in Hessen von 1990-2000 mehr als 200 neonatale Todesfälle aufgetreten, weil die medizinischen Möglichkeiten einer großen Geburtsklinik nicht zur Verfügung standen. Es ist zu erwarten, dass in der BRD mehrere 100 Kinder pro Jahr aus dem gleichen Grund sterben. Neben weiterer Forschung mit dem Ziel, das Ausmaß dieses Problems auf nationaler Ebene darzustellen und die Rolle kausaler Einflussfaktoren genauer zu beschreiben, muss diskutiert werden, welche strukturellen Veränderungen in der Organisation der Geburtshilfe sinnvoll sind, um die beobachtete Mortalitätsdifferenz abbauen zu können.
Background and objective: There are only few analyses from Germany on the impact of delivery unit size on neonatal outcome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of delivery unit size on neonatal survival in Germany.
Patients and methods: Data from the perinatal birth register for Hessen for 1990-2000 comprising 640554 births, and the Neonatal Survey for 1989-1997 in Hessen were used. Potentially avoidable deaths were assessed according to delivery unit size and birth weight category. Additionally trend analyses and an extrapolation to potentially avoidable deaths in all of Germany were performed.
Results: Compared to large delivery units, smaller ones showed higher risk adjusted mortality rates. Calculation of potentially avoidable deaths gave an estimate of 257 early neonatal deaths in 11 years. Although trend analyses revealed a decline of potentially avoidable deaths, an extrapolation of such deaths for all of Germany still yielded an estimate of more than 300 potentially avoidable deaths per year using data from 1997-2000 only.
Conclusion: A valid inference as to the magnitude of the observed effect remains even in the face of a very cautious interpretation of our results. During the study period of 11 years, more than 200 neonatal deaths could be attributed to the fact that births in Hessen are dispersed among many small hospitals. If this pattern of births in small units is common throughout Germany, it suggests that several hundred neonatal deaths per year may be attributed to this risk factor when extrapolating these results nationally. Further research is necessary to describe the nation-wide magnitude of this problem and to identify the role of underlying causal risk factors more precisely. Additionally policy discussions regarding structural changes in obstetrical care should be undertaken in the meantime, aimed at reducing the observed mortality rates.
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G. Heller
Wissenschaftliches
Institut der AOK (WIdO)
Kortrijker Straße 1
53177 Bonn