Hospital-Acquired Infections in the Surgical Intensive Care: Epidemiology and Prevention

Abstract

Hospital-acquired infections affect 7 % to 10 % of hospitalized patients and account for approximately 80 000 deaths per year in the United States. Of all infections acquired in the hospital, more than 20 % occur in intensive care unit patients. As the number of ICU beds increases, the proportion of ICU infections is likely to increase. The focus of this paper is to review the epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections that occur in the surgical ICU, particularly ventilator associated pneumonia, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and catheter-related bloodstream infection, and to discuss ICU-related prevention strategies. By implementing effective preventative measures and maintaining strict surveillance of ICU infections, we hope to affect the associated morbidity, mortality, and cost that our patients and society bare.

Zusammenfassung

Krankenhauserworbene Infektionen betreffen 7-10 % aller hospitalisierten Patienten und sind in den USA für jährlich ca. 80 000 Todesfälle verantwortlich. Mehr als 20 % aller im Krankenhaus erworbenen Infektionen treten auf der Intensivstation auf. Da die Zahl der Intensivbetten in Zunahme begriffen ist, ist auch von einem Anstieg der Infektionsraten auf der Intensivstation auszugehen. In der vorliegenden Übersicht wird die Epidemiologie krankenhauserworbener Infektionen dargestellt mit dem Fokus auf die chirurgische Intensivstation, speziell der beatmungsassoziierten Pneumonie, der katheterassoziierten Harnwegsinfektion und der katheterassoziierten Sepsis. Präventionsstrategien auf der Intensivstation werden erörtert. Wir hoffen durch die Einführung effektiver Präventionsmaßnahmen und strenger Überwachungsmaßnahmen die Infektionsraten auf der Intensivstation mit der sie begleitenden Morbidität und Mortalität zu senken, was auch eine Reduzierung der Kosten bedeuten würde, die unsere Patienten und unsere Gesellschaft zu tragen haben.

Key words

Hospital-acquired infection - ventilator associated pneumonia - catheter-associated urinary tract infection - catheter-related bloodstream infection - epidemiology - prevention

Schlüsselwörter

Krankenhauserworbene Infektionen - beatmungsassoziierte Pneumonie - katheterassoziierte Harnwegsinfektionen - Kathetersepsis - Epidemiologie - Vermeidung

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