Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-950348
Synthesis of 1,2-Difunctionalized Fine Chemicals through Catalytic, Enantioselective Ring-Opening Reactions of Epoxides
Publication History
Publication Date:
02 November 2006 (online)
Abstract
This review summarizes the development of metal- and enzyme-catalyzed, enantioselective ring-opening reactions of meso-epoxides and racemic epoxides with various hetero and carbon nucleophiles towards the synthesis of highly enantiomerically enriched 1,2-difunctionalized fine chemicals.
1 Introduction
2 Desymmetrization of meso-Epoxides
2.1 Azide Additions
2.2 Amine Additions
2.3 Alcohol and Acid Additions
2.4 Thiol Additions
2.5 Selenol Additions
2.6 Halogen Additions
2.7 Cyanide Additions
2.8 Alkylation and Reductions
2.9 Rearrangements
2.10 Enzymatic Hydrolysis
3 Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Epoxides
3.1 With Azides
3.2 With Amines
3.3 With Alcohols
3.4 With Water (Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution)
3.4.1 With Chemical Catalysts
3.4.2 With Enzymes
3.5 Enzyme-Catalyzed Addition of Halides and Pseudohalides to Epoxides
3.6 With Carbon Nucleophiles
4 Conclusion
Key words
asymmetric synthesis - desymmetrization - enzymes - epoxides - kinetic resolution
-
1a
Padwa A.Murphree S. Prog. Heterocycl. Chem. 2003, 15: 75 -
1b
Dittus G. In Houben-Weyl: Methoden der organischen Chemie 4th Ed., Vol. VI/3: Georg Thieme; Stuttgart: 1965. p.371 - 2 Representative review:
Xia QH.Ge HQ.Ye CP.Liu ZM.Su KX. Chem. Rev. 2005, 105: 1603 - 3
Gao Y.Sharpless KB. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110: 7538 - For previous reviews on metal-catalyzed processes up to 2003, see:
-
4a
Hodgson DM.Gibbs AR.Lee GP. Tetrahedron 1996, 52: 14361 -
4b
Jacobsen EN.Wu MH. Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis Vol. 3:Jacobsen EN.Pfaltz A.Yamamoto H. Springer; New York: 1999. p.1309 -
4c
Pastor IM.Yus M. Curr. Org. Chem. 2005, 9: 1 - 5
Yamashita H. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1988, 61: 1213 - 6
Hayashi M.Kohmura K.Oguni N. Synlett 1991, 774 - 7
Nugent WA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114: 2768 - 8
McCleland BW.Nugent WA.Finn MG. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63: 6656 - 9
Jacobsen EN.Wu MH. Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis Vol. 2:Jacobsen EN.Pfaltz A.Yamamoto H. Springer; New York: 1999. p.649 ; and references cited therein - 10
Sigman MS.Jacobsen EN. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120: 4901 - 11
Taylor MS.Zalatan DN.Lerchner AM.Jacobsen EN. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127: 1313 ; and references cited therein - 12
Martinez LE.Leighton JL.Carsten DH.Jacobsen EN. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117: 5897 - 13
Hansen KB.Leighton JL.Jacobsen EN. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118: 10924 - 14
Konsler RG.Karl J.Jacobsen EN. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120: 10780 - 15
Wu MH.Jacobsen EN. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 1693 - 16
Leighton JL.Jacobsen EN. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61: 389 - 17
Martinez LE.Nugent WA.Jacobsen EN. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61: 7963 - 18
Baleizao C.Gigante B.Sabater MJ.Garcia H.Corma A. Appl. Catal., A 2002, 228: 279 - 19
Adolfsson H.Moberg C. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6: 2023 - 20
Hou XL.Wu J.Dai LX.Xia LJ.Tang MH. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9: 1747 - 21
Kobayashi S.Ishitani H.Hachiya I.Araki M. Tetrahedron 1994, 50: 11623 - 22
Sagawa S.Abe H.Hase Y.Inaba T. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64: 4962 - 23
Sekine A.Ohshima T.Shibasaki M. Tetrahedron 2002, 58: 75 - 24
Schneider C.Sreekanth AR.Mai E. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43: 5691 ; Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 5809 -
25a
Bolm C.Zehnder M.Bur D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29: 191 ; Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 206 -
25b
Bolm C.Ewald M.Zehnder M.Neuburger MA. Chem. Ber. 1992, 125: 453 - 26
Ishikawa S.Hamada T.Manabe K.Kobayashi S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 12236 ; Kobayashi et al. have independently developed this chiral catalyst for Mukaiyama aldol reactions in aqueous solution -
27a
Azoulay S.Manabe K.Kobayashi S. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 4593 -
27b For a Bi(OTf)3-bipyridine-catalyzed aminolysis of meso-epoxides, see:
Ogawa C.Azoulay S.Kobayashi S. Heterocycles 2006, 66: 201 -
28a
Carree F.Gil R.Collin J. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 1023 -
28b
Carree F.Gil R.Collin J. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45: 7749 -
29a
Kureshy RI.Singh S.Khan NH.Abdi SHR.Suresh E.Jasra RV. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 1303 -
29b
Kureshy RI.Singh S.Khan N.Abdi SHR.Agrawal S.Mayani VJ.Jasra RV. Tetrahedron Lett. 2006, 47: 5277 - 30
Jacobsen EN.Kakiuchi F.Konsler RG.Larrow JF.Tokunaga M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 773 - 31
Wu MH.Hansen KB.Jacobsen EN. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38: 2012 ; Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 2167 - 32
Matsunaga S.Das J.Roels J.Vogl EM.Yamamoto N.Iida T.Yamaguchi K.Shibasaki M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122: 2252 - 33
Iida T.Yamamoto N.Sasai H.Shibasaki M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119: 4783 - 34
Wu MH.Jacobsen EN. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63: 5252 - 35
Ko SY.Sharpless KB. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51: 5413 - 36
Wu J.Hou XL.Dai LX.Xia LJ.Tang MH. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9: 3431 - 37
Li Z.Zhou Z.Li K.Wang L.Zhou Q.Tang C. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43: 7609 - 38
Yang M.Zhu C.Yuan F.Huang Y.Pan Y. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 1927 - 39
Nugent WA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120: 7139 - 40
Denmark SE.Barsanti PA.Wong KT.Stavenger RA. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63: 2428 - 41
Tao B.Lo MMC.Fu GC. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123: 353 - 42
Nakaijama M.Saito M.Uemura M.Hashimoto S. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43: 8827 - 43
Tokuoka E.Kotani S.Matsunaga H.Ishizuka T.Hashimoto S.Nakaijama M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2005, 16: 2391 - 44
Bruns S.Haufe G. J. Fluorine Chem. 2000, 104: 247 - 45
Haufe G.Bruns S. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2002, 344: 165 - 46
Hayashi M.Tamura M.Oguni N. Synlett 1992, 663 - 47
Cole BM.Shimizu KD.Krueger CA.Harrity JPA.Snapper ML.Hoveyda AH. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 35: 1668 ; Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1776 - 48
Shimizu KD.Cole BM.Krueger CA.Kuntz KW.Snapper ML.Hoveyda AH. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1996, 36: 1704 ; Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 1782 - 49
Schaus SE.Jacobsen EN. Org. Lett. 2000, 2: 1001 - 50
Zhu C.Yuan F.Gu W.Pan Y. Chem. Commun. 2003, 692 - 51
Mizuno M.Kanai M.Iida A.Tomioka K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7: 2483 -
52a
Alexakis A.Vrancken E.Mangeney P. Synlett 1998, 1165 -
52b
Vrancken E.Alexakis A.Mangeney P. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 1354 - 53
Oguni N.Miyagi Y.Itoh K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39: 9023 - 54
Zhu C.Yang M.Sun J.Zhu Y.Pan Y. Synlett 2004, 465 - 55
Bertozzi F.Crotti P.Macchia F.Pineschi M.Arnold A.Feringa BL. Org. Lett. 2000, 2: 933 - 56
Bertozzi F.Crotti P.Del Moro F.Di Bussolo V.Macchia F.Pineschi M. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 1264 - 57
Del Moro F.Crotti P.Di Bussolo V.Macchia F.Pineschi M. Org. Lett. 2003, 5: 1971 - 58
Bertozzi F.Crotti P.Del Moro F.Feringa BL.Macchia F.Pineschi M. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2606 -
59a
Nugent WA.Rajan Babu TV. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110: 8561 -
59b
Rajan Babu TV.Nugent WA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116: 986 -
60a
Gansäuer A.Lauterbach T.Bluhm H.Noltemeyer M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38: 2909 ; Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 3112 -
60b
Gansäuer A.Bluhm H.Rinker B.Narayan S.Schick M.Lauterbach T.Pierobon M. Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9: 531 - 61 Excellent review:
Magnus A.Bertilsson SK.Andersson PG. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31: 223 -
62a
Asami M.Inoue S. Tetrahedron 1995, 51: 11725 -
62b
Bhuniya D.DattaGupta A.Singh VK. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61: 6108 -
63a
Asami M.Ishizaki T.Inoue S. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5: 793 -
63b
Asami M.Suga T.Honda K.Inoue S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 6425 -
64a
Södergren MJ.Andersson PG. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120: 10760 -
64b
Södergren MJ.Bertilsson SK.Andersson PG. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122: 6610 - 65
Bertilsson SK.Södergren MJ.Andersson PG. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67: 1567 -
66a
Hodgson DM.Lee GP. Chem. Commun. 1996, 1015 -
66b
Hodgson DM.Lee GP.Marriott RE.Thompson AJ.Wisedale R.Witherington J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1998, 2151 -
67a
Hodgson DM.Cameron ID. Chem. Commun. 1999, 309 -
67b
Hodgson DM.Cameron ID.Christlieb M.Green R.Lee GP.Robinson LA. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 2001, 2161 -
68a
Hodgson DM.Maxwell CR.Miles TJ.Paruch E.Stent MAH.Matthews IR.Wilson FX.Witherington J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41: 4313 ; Angew. Chem. 2002, 114, 4489 -
68b
Hodgson DM.Stent MAH.Bogdan S.Wilson FX. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2003, 1: 1139 -
68c
Hodgson DM.Maxwell CR.Miles TJ.Paruch E.Matthews IR.Witherington J. Tetrahedron 2004, 60: 3611 -
69a
Belluci G.Chiappe C.Marioni F. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1989, 2369 -
69b
Belluci G.Capitani I.Chiappe C.Marioni F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1989, 1170 - 70
Belluci G.Chiappe C.Ingrosso G. Chirality 1994, 6: 577 - 71
Weijers CAGM. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1997, 8: 639 - 72
Zhao L.Han B.Huang Z.Miller M.Huang H.Malashock DS.Zhu Z.Milan A.Robertson DE.Weiner DP.Burk MJ. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 11156 - 73
Ready JM.Jacobsen EN. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123: 2687 - 74
Larrow JF.Schaus SE.Jacobsen EN. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118: 7420 - 75
Lebel H.Jacobsen EN. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 7303 - 76
Lebel H.Jacobsen EN. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63: 9624 - 77
Bartoli G.Bosco M.Carlone A.Locatelli M.Massaccesi M.Melchiorre P.Sambri L. Org. Lett. 2004, 6: 2173 - 78
Bartoli G.Bosco M.Carlone A.Locatelli M.Melchiorre P.Sambri L. Org. Lett. 2004, 6: 3973 - 79
Bartoli G.Bosco M.Carlone A.Locatelli M.Melchiorre P.Sambri L. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 1983 - 80
Trost BM.Bunt RC.Lemoine RC.Calkins TL. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122: 5968 - 81
Ready JM.Jacobsen EN. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121: 6086 - 82
Peukert S.Jacobsen EN. Org. Lett. 1999, 1: 1245 - 83
Trost BM.Andersen NG. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124: 14320 -
84a
Tokunaga M.Larrow JF.Kakiuchi F.Jacobsen EN. Science 1997, 277: 936 -
84b
Schaus SE.Brandes BD.Larrow JF.Tokunaga M.Hansen KB.Gould AE.Furrow ME.Jacobsen EN. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124: 1307 - 85
Nielsen LPC.Stevenson CP.Blackmond DG.Jacobsen EN. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 1360 - For select recent examples of the Jacobsen HKR in complex natural product syntheses, see:
-
86a
Shen R.Lin CT.Bowman EJ.Bowman BJ.Porco JA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125: 7889 -
86b
Petri AF.Bayer A.Maier ME. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43: 5821 ; Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 5945 -
86c
Colby EA.O’Brien KC.Jamison TF. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 998 -
86d
Haidle AM.Myers AG. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004, 101: 12048 - 87
Breinbauer R.Jacobsen EN. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39: 3604 ; Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, 3750 -
88a
Kwon M.Kim G.-J. Catal. Today 2003, 87: 145 -
88b
Choi SD.Kim G.-J. Catal. Lett. 2004, 92: 35 -
88c
Welbes LL.Scarrow RC.Borovik AS. Chem. Commun. 2004, 2544 -
88d
Thakur SS.Chen S.-W.Li W.Shin C.-K.Kim S.-J.Koo Y.-M.Kim G.-J. J. Organomet. Chem. 2006, 691: 1862 -
89a
Shin C.-K.Kim S.-J.Kim G.-J. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45: 7429 -
89b
Thakur SS.Li W.Kim S.-J.Kim G.-J. Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46: 2263 - For more specialized reviews about enzyme-catalyzed hydrolyses of racemic epoxides, see:
-
90a
Archelas A.Furstoss R. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2001, 5: 112 -
90b
de Vries EJ.Janssen DB. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2003, 14: 414 -
90c
Smit MS. Trends Biotechnol. 2004, 22: 123 -
90d
Faber K. Biotransformations in Organic Chemistry Springer; New York: 2004. -
90e
Bornscheuer UT.Kazlauskas RJ. Hydrolases in Organic Synthesis, 2nd Ed. Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 2005. -
91a
Rink R.Spelberg JHL.Pieters RJ.Kingma J.Nardini M.Kellogg RM.Dijkstra BW.Janssen DB. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121: 7417 - See also:
-
91b
Argiriadi MA.Morisseau C.Hammock BD.Christianson DW. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96: 10637 -
91c
Zou J.Hallberg BM.Bergfors T.Oesch F.Arand M.Mowbray SL.Jones TA. Structure 2000, 8: 111 -
92a
Mischitz M.Faber K.Willetts A. Biotechnol. Lett. 1995, 17: 893 -
92b
Osprian I.Kroutil W.Mischitz M.Faber K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1997, 8: 65 - 93
Orru RVA.Ospiran I.Kroutil W.Faber K. Synthesis 1998, 1259 -
94a
Kroutil W.Mischitz M.Plachota P.Faber K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37: 8379 -
94b
Kroutil W.Mischitz M.Faber K. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1997, 3629 - 95
Spelberg JHL.Rink R.Kellogg RM.Janssen DB. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9: 459 -
96a
Cleij M.Archelas A.Furstoss R. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9: 1839 -
96b
Guerard C.Alphand V.Archelas A.Demuynck C.Hecquet L.Furstoss R.Bolte J. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 3399 -
96c
Genzel Y.Archelas A.Broxterman QB.Schulze B.Furstoss R. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11: 3041 - 97
Cleij M.Archelas A.Furstoss R. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64: 5029 - 98
Manoj KM.Archelas A.Baratti J.Furstoss R. Tetrahedron 2001, 57: 695 - 99
Pedragosa-Moreau S.Archelas A.Furstoss R. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58: 5533 - 100
Reetz MT.Torre C.Eipper A.Lohmer R.Hermes M.Brunner B.Maichele A.Bocola M.Arand M.Cronin A.Genzel Y.Archelas A.Furstoss R. Org. Lett. 2004, 6: 177 - 101
Reetz MT.Wang L.-W.Bocola M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45: 1236 ; Angew. Chem. 2006, 118, 1258 - 102
Weijers CAGM.Botes AL.van Dyck MS.de Bont JAM. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9: 467 - 103 For a recent review on this topic, see:
Janssen DB.Majeric-Elenkov M.Hasnaoui G.Hauer B.Spelberg JHL. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2006, 34: 291 - 104
Spelberg JHL.van Hylckama Vlieg JET.Tang L.Janssen DB.Kellogg RM. Org. Lett. 2001, 3: 41 - 105
Spelberg JHL.Tang L.van Gelder M.Kellogg RM.Janssen DB. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2002, 13: 1083 -
106a
de Jong RM.Tiesinga JJW.Villa A.Tang L.Janssen DB.Dijkstra BW. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127: 13338 -
106b
de Jong RM.Tiesinga JJW.Rozeboom HJ.Kalk KH.Tang L.Janssen DB.Dijkstra BW. EMBO J. 2003, 22: 4933 - 107
Elenkov MM.Hauer B.Janssen DB. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2006, 348: 579 - 108
Badalassi F.Crotti P.Macchia F.Pineschi M.Arnold A.Feringa BL. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39: 7795 - 109
Bertozzi F.Crotti P.Macchia F.Pineschi M.Arnold A.Feringa BL. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 4893 - 110
Bertozzi F.Crotti P.Macchia F.Pineschi M.Feringa BL. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40: 936 ; Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 956 - 111
Bandini M.Cozzi PG.Melchiorre P.Umani-Ronchi A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43: 84 ; Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 86