Synlett 2007(16): 2459-2482  
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-986674
ACCOUNT
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

The Bohlmann-Rahtz Pyridine Synthesis: From Discovery to Applications

Mark C. Bagley*, Christian Glover, Eleanor A. Merritt
School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
Fax: +44(29)20874030; e-Mail: Bagleymc@cf.ac.uk;
Further Information

Publication History

Received 12 March 2007
Publication Date:
13 September 2007 (online)

Abstract

The results of our research into the Bohlmann-Rahtz ­pyridine synthesis are summarized. The historic discovery of this reaction and its mechanism are discussed; followed by recent improvements in methodology, such as Brønsted and Lewis acid catalysis, microwave assistance, process in a continuous flow reactor, and incorporation into multicomponent and tandem reactions. ­Applications of these methods in the synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyr­imidines, combinatorial pyridine libraries, heterocyclic α- and γ-amino acids, α-helix mimetics, and complex natural products are discussed, along with a consideration of future perspectives.

1 Discovery

2 Recent Improvements in Methodology

2.1 Catalyst and Solvent Effects

2.2 Tandem Bohlmann-Rahtz Processes

2.3 Microwave Dielectric Heating

2.3.1 Batch Reactors

2.3.2 Continuous-Flow Reactors

3 Recent Applications

3.1 Pyridine Libraries and Scaffolds

3.2 Fused Heterocycles

3.3 Natural Product Chemistry

4 Conclusion and Perspectives