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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1027852
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Erste Erfahrungen mit der sequenziellen, prospektiv getriggerten CT-Koronarangiografie an einem 128-Schicht-Computertomografen
Initial Experience with Prospectively Triggered, Sequential CT Coronary Angiography on a 128-Slice ScannerPublication History
eingereicht: 7.7.2008
angenommen: 16.9.2008
Publication Date:
16 March 2009 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Die CT-Angiografie (CTA) der Koronarien in Spiraltechnik mit überlappender Schichtakquisition und retrospektiver EKG-adaptierter Bildrekonstruktion ist ein zuverlässiges, aber relativ dosisintensives Verfahren in der Diagnostik der Koronarsklerose. Ziel der vorliegenden Auswertung war die Bewertung von Bildqualität und Artefakten sowie die Erfassung der Dosisexposition bei der sequenziellen CTA mit einem 128-Schicht-Scanner mit einer Zeitauflösung von 150 ms. Material und Methoden: 20 Patienten mit regelmäßiger Herzfrequenz (HF) und ohne Kontraindikation für eine Prämedikation mittels Betablocker, die zur CTA der Koronarien zum Ausschluss einer relevanten Koronarsklerose zugewiesen worden waren, wurden in Sequenztechnik mit folgenden Parametern untersucht: 120 kV, 200 ref mAs, Kollimation 2 × 64 × 0,6, Tischvorschub 34,5 mm bei einer Detektorbreite von 38,4 mm, Akquisitionszeit 380 ms pro Tischposition mit einer Rekonstruktionsvariabilität von ± 5 %, 50 ml Kontrastmittel (KM) mit einer Flussrate von 5 ml/s, 50 ml Splitbolus-Flush mit 20 % KM. Die individuelle Kreislaufzeitbestimmung erfolgte über einen Testbolus-Scan (10 ml KM + 50 ml NaCl-Flush, Flussrate 5 ml/s). Die Bildqualität wurde anhand einer 4-stufigen Skala auf Segment- und Koronarebene sowie patientenbasiert erfasst. Die effektive Dosis wurde aus dem Dosislängenprodukt des Patientenprotokolls abgeschätzt. Die vorhandenen Artefakte wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Ursache bewertet (Kalk vs. Bewegung). Ergebnisse: Alle Patienten wurden mit Betablockern prämediziert. Die mittlere HF lag bei 62 ± 5 Schlägen/min. 5 % (13 / 286) der Segmente bei 5 / 20 Patienten waren als nicht diagnostisch anzusehen. Das mittlere Dosislängenprodukt lag bei 213 mGy × cm, die mittlere effektive Dosis bei 3,6 mSv. In der Mehrzahl der Fälle waren massive Gefäßverkalkungen die Ursache für nicht diagnostische Abbildung, die übrigen Fälle waren in Atem- oder Pulsationsartefakten begründet. Schlussfolgerung: Die sequenzielle CTA der Koronarien mit einem 128-Schicht-Scanner mit einer Zeitauflösung von 150 ms ist – in einem selektionierten Patientenkollektiv unter medikamentöser Herzfrequenzkontrolle mit guter Compliance bzgl. stabiler Inspiration – technisch machbar. Die resultierenden effektiven Dosiswerte können die der Spiral-CTA deutlich unterschreiten.
Abstract
Purpose: Spiral CT angiography (CTA) of the coronaries using low-pitch scanning and ECG-gated image reconstruction is a robust method for detecting or excluding relevant coronary plaque. However, the resulting dose exposure is considerable. The aim of the present study was to evaluate image quality and artifacts as well as to record dose values for sequential coronary CTA using a 128-slice scanner with a temporal resolution of 150 ms. Materials und Methods: 20 patients with a regular heart rate and without contraindications for oral/I.V. beta blockers, who were referred for CTA of the coronaries for exclusion or detection of relevant plaques, were examined by sequential CTA with the following parameters: 120 kV, 200 ref mAs, collimation 2 × 64 × 0.6, table feed of 34.5 mm at a detector width of 38.4 mm. A total acquisition time of 380 ms per table position allowed for mild shifting of the reconstruction window within the cardiac cycle of ± 5 %. 50 ml of contrast agent were injected at 5 ml/s followed by a 50 ml split bolus (20 % contrast). The individual start delay was determined by a test bolus scan (10 ml contrast + 50 ml saline flush at 5 ml/s). The image quality for each segment, coronary artery, and patient was determined on a 4-point scale. Dose values were estimated based on the individual dose length product as provided by the scanner’s patient protocol. Artifacts were evaluated to determine the cause (calcium vs. motion). Results: All patients received beta blocker pretreatment. The mean heart rate was 62 ± 5 beats/min. 5 % (13 / 286) of all segments in 5 / 20 patients were rated as non-diagnostic. The mean dose length product was 213 mGy × cm, and the mean effective dose was 3.6 mSv. Calcifications were the major cause of non-diagnostic images. However breathing or other motion artifacts occurred as well. Conclusion: In select patients with effective heart rate control and thorough instruction for breath hold compliance, sequential CTA of the coronaries using a 128-slice scanner with a temporal resolution of 150 ms is technically feasible. The resulting effective dose values are clearly below those of spiral coronary CT scans.
Key words
cardiac - CT angiography - sequential CT - dose exposure
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Dr. Katharina Anders
Radiologisches Institut, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Maximiliansplatz 1
91054 Erlangen
Phone: ++ 49/91 31/8 54 55 13
Fax: ++ 49/91 31/8 53 60 68
Email: katharina.anders@uk-erlangen.de