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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1038265
Epidemiologie der Tuberkulose in der Welt und in Deutschland
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in the World and in GermanyPublication History
Publication Date:
07 October 2008 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die Tuberkulose ist weltweit unverändert eine der bedeutendsten Infektionskrankheiten. Aufgrund der vor allem in der Europaregion scheinbar unaufhaltsam fortschreitenden Verbreitung medikamentenresistenter Tuberkulosebakterienstämme stellt die Krankheit für Industriestaaten wie Deutschland auch heute noch eine Bedrohung dar. Daher dürfen die Bemühungen um eine effektive Tuberkulosekontrolle trotz hierzulande rückläufiger Fallzahlen nicht nachlassen, ganz im Gegenteil. Basierend auf einer möglichst genauen Kenntnis der epidemiologischen Situation und der Resistenzraten bedarf es daran ausgerichteter effektiver Kontrollstrategien und eines Auf- bzw. Ausbaus nationaler Tuberkulose- sowie HIV-Kontrollprogramme. Aber auch forcierte und langfristig ausgerichtete Forschungsanstrengungen sind erforderlich zur Entwicklung neuer antituberkulotischer Substanzen, einfacher und zuverlässiger Diagnostika sowie eines wirksamen Impfstoffes.
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. The seemingly unstoppable spread of drug-resistant TB strains, particularly in the European region, make it a continuing threat even to industrialized nations such as Germany. Therefore, effective TB control measures must not be neglected despite declining case numbers in this country – on the contrary. Detailed knowledge of the epidemiological situation and of resistance rates must be the basis for effective control strategies and for the introduction or improvement of national TB and HIV control programmes. There is likewise a need for intensified long-term research into new antituberculous substances, simple and reliable diagnostic methods, and a highly protective vaccine.
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1 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, MDR, d.h. mindestens Resistenz gegenüber Isoniazid und Rifampicin
2 extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, XDR= MDR + Resistenz gegenüber einem Fluorchinolon und wenigstens gegen eines der injizierbaren Medikamente Capreomycin, Kanamycin und Amikacin
3 extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis, XXDR, resistent gegenüber allen antituberkulotischen Erst- und Zweitrangmedikamenten
Dr. Barbara Hauer, MPH
Deutsches Zentralkomitee zur Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, HELIOS Klinikum Emil von Behring
Walterhöferstr. 11
14165 Berlin
Email: bhauer@dzk-tuberkulose.de