Telemedicine as support for primary care referrals to neurologists: decision-making between different specialists when guiding the case over the phone

ABSTRACT

Background: Brazil’s public health system, the largest in the world, faces great challenges in establishing access to specialized care for all Brazilians. “Regula Mais Brasil” is a structuring project from the Ministry of Health that aims to optimize the referral process for specialized care throughout Brazil and uses telemedicine to support primary care physicians. The high demand for support and referrals in the neurology specialty raises questions about what the difficulties and doubts in managing these patients are and whether the training of the coordinating physician influences the orientation and outcome of referral. Methods: In a retrospective analysis on a database, all teleconsultations in the neurology specialty were evaluated. The diagnoses were categorized using the ICD-10 and according to the specialty of the coordinating teleconsultant for multiple comparisons. Results: In total, 1687 teleconsultations were conducted between January 10 and December 2, 2019, in the cities of Belo Horizonte and Porto Alegre and in the Federal District. The most frequent area of doubt for doctors was about epilepsy. After discussion via telemedicine, 25% of the referrals were avoided and the specialty of the teleconsultant physician did not impact the decision made: 72.3, 72.6 and 66.5%, in relation to approval by neurologists, family doctors and other experts, respectively. Conclusion: Increasing access to specialists, not only for patients but also for doctors, helps in achieving early resolution of issues of greater difficulty for primary healthcare doctors, thus resulting in lower numbers of referrals.

RESUMO

Introdução: O maior sistema público de saúde do mundo tem um grande desafio para estabelecer acesso à atenção especializada a todos os brasileiros. O Regula Mais Brasil é um projeto estruturante do Ministério da Saúde que visa otimizar o processo de referenciamento para atenção especializada no território brasileiro e utiliza a telemedicina para suporte de médicos da atenção primária. A elevada procura de apoio e encaminhamento na especialidade de neurologia desperta o questionamento sobre quais são as dificuldades e dúvidas no manejo desses pacientes e se a formação do médico regulador influencia a orientação e o desfecho do encaminhamento. Métodos: Em uma análise retrospectiva do banco de dados, foram avaliadas todas as teleconsultorias da especialidade de neurologia, os diagnósticos foram categorizados pelo CID-10 e por especialidade do teleconsultor regulador para comparações múltiplas. Resultados: No total, 1.687 teleconsultorias foram realizadas de 10 de janeiro a 2 de dezembro de 2019, nas cidades de Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre e Distrito Federal. A área de dúvida mais frequente dos médicos era sobre epilepsia. Após a discussão por telemedicina, 25% dos encaminhamentos foram evitados e a especialidade do médico teleconsultor não impactou na decisão tomada (72,3, 72,6 e 66,5%) em relação à aprovação por neurologistas, médico de família e outros especialistas, respectivamente. Conclusão: Aumentar o acesso não apenas de pacientes, mas dos médicos aos especialistas contribui para que os temas de maior dificuldade para os médicos da Atenção Primária à Saúde sejam resolvidos precocemente, resultando em um menor número de encaminhamentos.

Keywords:

Telemedicine - Health Services Accessibility, Health Equity - Primary Health Care - Neurology

Palavras-chave:

Telemedicina - Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde - Equidade em Saúde - Atenção Primária à Saúde - Neurologia

Authors’ contributions:

CEM, ERSA and PRR: conception and organization. CEM, ERSA, PRR, MDF, LR and JB: execution. PRR: first draft. CEM, ERSA, PRR, MDF, LR and JB: revision and final version.

Support:

Institutional Development Support Program of the National Health System (PROADI-SUS).

Publication History

Received: 03 April 2020

Accepted: 18 August 2020

Article published online:
01 June 2023

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