15 Neuromodulators and Injection Technique

Gee Young Bae

Summary

Cosmetic use of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) in the field of dermatology has grown beyond the treatment of wrinkles to include facial and body contouring. BoNT treatment has gained popularity owing to factors such as little injury and privacy, dramatic effects, relatively low cost, and negligible downtime. Paradigm shifts such as low-dose modulation rather than high-dose paralysis, frequent combination with fillers, and superficial injection in selective cases presently occur in BoNT treatment. A need, however, exists for a patient-tailored treatment that will produce a more satisfying result without complications. This requires an in-depth knowledge of the products used, a thorough understanding of individual anatomy, both static and functional, and consideration of ethnicity, gender, and age. Herein, we present up-to-date knowledge and techniques regarding BoNT treatment. We have also presented the toxicity and immunogenicity of BoNT, and an in-depth discussion of BoNT treatment for glabellar frown lines, horizontal forehead lines, crow’s feet, bunny lines, plunging nose tip, nasal flare, gummy smile, asymmetric lip or smile, nasolabial folds, melomental folds (Marionette folds), perioral wrinkles, cobblestone chin, mouth corners, platysmal bands, horizontal neck lines, facial contouring treating benign masseteric hypertrophy and salivary gland enlargement, body contouring, hyperhidrosis, pain and pruritus, and wound healing.

Schlüsselwörter

botulinum toxin - wrinkle treatment - smile deformity - facial contouring - masseteric hypertrophy - salivary gland enlargement - body contouring - new use of botulinum toxin

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