1.5 Cyclization Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
Buch
Herausgeber: Gao, S.; Ma, S.
Titel: Metal-Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions 1
Print ISBN: 9783131998613; Online ISBN: 9783132403406; Buch-DOI: 10.1055/b-003-129294
1st edition © 2016 Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart
Fachgebiete: Organische Chemie;Chemische Reaktionen, Katalyse;Organometallchemie;Chemische Labormethoden, Stöchiometrie
Science of Synthesis Reference Libraries
Übergeordnete Publikation
Titel: Science of Synthesis
DOI: 10.1055/b-00000101
Reihenherausgeber: Carreira, E. M.; Decicco, C. P.; Fürstner, A.; Koch, G.; Molander, G.; Schaumann, E.; Shibasaki, M.; Thomas, E. J.; Trost, B. M.
Typ: Mehrbändiges Werk
Abstract
Discussed in this chapter are two classes of metal-catalyzed cyclization reactions of alkenes and alkynes, namely one where unactivated carbon–carbon double or triple bonds act as nucleophiles to attack tethered electrophiles, and the other where the π-system is activated by a metal-based π-acid and is subsequently attacked by carbonucleophiles. In the former scenario, the in situ generation of electrophiles is typically promoted by hard Lewis acid catalysts, which initiate Prins, aza-Prins, or carbonyl-ene reactions. In the latter scenario, the coordination of a carbon–carbon double or triple bond to a soft Lewis acidic metal catalyst lowers the energy of the π* orbital and thereby enables attack by nucleophiles. A large array of cyclic structural motifs are accessible, many in a stereoselective manner, via such metal catalysis. These motifs, including tetrahydrofurans, tetrahydropyrans, cycloalkenes, dihydronaphthalenes, carbazoles, coumarins, quinolinones, benzopyrans, dihydroquinolines, and phenanthrenes, are essential components of various bioactive compounds and natural products. Exemplary applications of these methods in the syntheses of natural products and relevant structures are also discussed.
Schlüsselwörter
cyclization - alkenes - alkynes - catalysis - Prins reaction - carbonucleophiles - gold - iron - mercury - palladium - natural products - tetrahydropyrans - dihydronaphthalenes - carbazoles - coumarins - quinolinones - benzopyrans - dihydroquinolines - phenanthrenes-
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