1.1 Improving Radical Persistence through Confinement: A Survey

Abstract

Most organic radical species are transient and were long considered to be beyond control. Tremendous progress in the knowledge and understanding of their reactivity has enabled their use as standard intermediates in organic synthesis. In this review, strategies implemented to increase radical lifetimes, without modifying fundamentally their structural features, are presented. A wide array of systems has been designed that allow modulation of the level of confinement constraints. The ability of these systems to increase radical lifetime has now reached the point where a transient radical can become persistent, which opens up many new prospects for future applications.

Key words

transient radicals - persistent radicals - confinement - supramolecular interactions - covalent organic frameworks - metal–organic frameworks - cucurbiturils - cyclodextrins - cyclophanes - zeolites - mesoporous silicas - periodic mesoporous organic silicas - layered structures - lamellar polysilsesquioxanes - single-walled carbon nanotubes - self-assembled systems

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