In previous articles, a description of ‘unconventional’ experiments (e.g. in vitro or clinical studies based on high dilutions, ‘memory of water’ or homeopathy) using
quantum-like probability was proposed. Because the mathematical formulations of quantum
logic are frequently an obstacle for physicians and biologists, a modified modeling
that rests on classical probability is described in the present article. This modeling
is inspired from a relational interpretation of quantum physics that applies not only
to microscopic objects, but also to macroscopic structures, including experimental
devices and observers. In this framework, any outcome of an experiment is not an absolute
property of the observed system as usually considered but is expressed relatively
to an observer. A team of interacting observers is thus described from an external
view point based on two principles: the outcomes of experiments are expressed relatively
to each observer and the observers agree on outcomes when they interact with each
other. If probability fluctuations are also taken into account, correlations between
‘expected’ and observed outcomes emerge. Moreover, quantum-like correlations are predicted
in experiments with local blind design but not with centralized blind design. No assumption
on ‘memory’ or other physical modification of water is necessary in the present description
although such hypotheses cannot be formally discarded.
In conclusion, a simple modeling of ‘unconventional’ experiments based on classical
probability is now available and its predictions can be tested. The underlying concepts
are sufficiently intuitive to be spread into the homeopathy community and beyond.
It is hoped that this modeling will encourage new studies with optimized designs for
in vitro experiments and clinical trials.
Keywords
Randomized clinical trials - Memory of water - Quantum-like probabilities
