Neuroendokrinologie – Körperliche Folgen von Burnout

Burnout ist das Ergebnis eines andauernden, nicht bewältigbaren Stresszustands. Die damit einhergehenden biologischen Veränderungen wurden insbesondere für die hormonelle Stressachse nachgewiesen. Die konzeptuelle Unschärfe von Burnout und methodische Limitationen in der Literatur lassen keine endgültigen Schlüsse zu. Die Ergebnisse legen jedoch nahe, dass eine endokrine Fehlregulierung und Immunveränderungen Burnout-spezifische Symptome erklären.

• Literatur

• 1 Maslach C, Schaufeli W, Leiter MP. Job burnout. Ann Rev Psychol 2001; 52: 397-422
• 2 Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Occup Behav 1981; 2: 99-113
• 3 Dorr J, Nater U. Fatigue Syndromes – An Overview of Terminology, Definitions and Classificatory Concepts. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2013; 63: 69-76
• 4 Bianchi R, Schonfeld IS, Vandel P. et al. On the depressive nature of the “burnout syndrome”: A clarification. Eur Psychiatry 2017; 41: 109-110
• 5 Lazarus RS, Folkman ST. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer; 1984
• 6 McEwen BS. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 171-179
• 7 Wingenfeld K, Schulz M, Damkroeger A. et al. Elevated diurnal salivary cortisol in nurses is associated with burnout but not with vital exhaustion. Psychoneuroendocrinol 2009; 34: 1144-1151
• 8 Marchand A, Juster RP, Durand P. et al. Burnout symptom sub-types and cortisol profiles: what’s burning most?. Psychoneuroendocrinol 2014; 40: 27-36
• 9 Oosterholt BG, Maes JH, Van der Linden D. et al. Burnout and cortisol: evidence for a lower cortisol awakening response in both clinical and non-clinical burnout. J Psychosom Res 2015; 78: 445-451
• 10 Juster RP, Sindi S, Marin MF. et al. A clinical allostatic load index is associated with burnout symptoms and hypocortisolemic profiles in healthy workers. Psychoneuroendocrinol 2011; 36: 797-805
• 11 Lennartsson AK, Sjors A, Wahrborg P. et al. Burnout and Hypocortisolism – A Matter of Severity? A Study on ACTH and Cortisol Responses to Acute Psychosocial Stress. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6: 8
• 12 Bellingrath S, Weigl T, Kudielka BM. Cortisol dysregulation in school teachers in relation to burnout, vital exhaustion, and effort-reward-imbalance. Biol Psychol 2008; 78: 104-113
• 13 Wolfram M, Bellingrath S, Feuerhahn N. et al. Cortisol responses to naturalistic and laboratory stress in student teachers: comparison with a non-stress control day. Stress Health 2013; 29: 143-149
• 14 Penz M, Stalder T, Miller R. et al. Hair cortisol as a biological marker for burnout symptomatology. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 87: 218-221
• 15 Gajewski PD, Boden S, Freude G. et al. Executive control, ERP and pro-inflammatory activity in emotionally exhausted middle-aged employees. Comparison between subclinical burnout and mild to moderate depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 86: 176-186
• 16 Strahler J, Skoluda N, Rohleder N. et al. Dysregulated stress signal sensitivity and inflammatory disinhibition as a pathophysiological mechanism of stress-related chronic fatigue. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68: 298-318
• 17 Penz M, Wekenborg MK, Pieper L. et al. The Dresden Burnout Study: Protocol of a prospective cohort study for the bio-psychological investigation of burnout. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2018; e1613
• 18 Danhof-Pont MB, van Veen T, Zitman FG. Biomarkers in burnout: a systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2011; 70: 505-524
• 19 Kozak MJ, Cuthbert BN. The NIMH Research Domain Criteria Initiative: Background, Issues, and Pragmatics. Psychophysiology 2016; 53: 286-297