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Sportverletz Sportschaden 2018; 32(01): 35-46
DOI: 10.1055/a-0575-2324
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Effekt eines Rumpfkräftigungsprogramms (inklusive Unterarm- und seitlichem Unterarmstütz) auf die Verletzungsrate von erwachsenen Fußballspielern: eine systematische Literaturübersicht

Effect of Core Muscle Strengthening Exercises (Including Plank and Side Plank) on Injury Rate in Male Adult Soccer Players: A Systematic Review
Angela Blasimann
  Berner Fachhochschule, Departement Gesundheit, Bern, Schweiz
,
Simon Eberle
  Berner Fachhochschule, Departement Gesundheit, Bern, Schweiz
,
Manuel Markus Scuderi
  Berner Fachhochschule, Departement Gesundheit, Bern, Schweiz
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
20 March 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Fußball gilt als hochintensive Sportart mit einer erhöhten Verletzungsrate. Erwachsene Männer zeigen dabei die größte Verletzungsrate. Aktuell stellt die Kräftigung des Rumpfes einen wichtigen Bestandteil verschiedener Präventionsprogramme dar, wie beispielsweise beim „FIFA 11 +“. Das Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit bestand darin, herauszufinden, welchen Effekt ein Rumpfkrafttraining, mindestens bestehend aus den bekannten und einfach durchzuführenden Übungen Unterarmstütz und seitlicher Unterarmstütz, auf die Verletzungsrate bei erwachsenen Fußballspielern hat.

Probanden, Material und Methoden Die systematische Literatursuche erfolgte in den Datenbanken PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus und Cinahl. Die Interventionsgruppe musste ein Training der Rumpfmuskulatur (als Teil eines Präventionsprogramms) bei erwachsenen Fußballspielern beinhalten, die Kontrollgruppe ihre gewohnten Trainingseinheiten weiterführen. Der Unterarmstütz wie auch der seitliche Unterarmstütz mussten in der Interventionsgruppe angewendet werden. Als Outcome wurde die Anzahl von Verletzungen und/oder die Verletzungshäufigkeit (pro 1000 h Training und Match) definiert. Die Qualität der Studien wurde mittels der PEDro-Skala und des Risk-of-Bias-Tool beurteilt.

Ergebnisse Total wurden sieben Studien mit insgesamt 2491 Probanden eingeschlossen. In drei Studien fand eine signifikante Abnahme der Verletzungsrate in der Interventionsgruppe statt (p < 0,05 bzw. p < 0,001). Bei zwei weiteren Studien wurde kein Signifikanzniveau bestimmt oder angegeben. Sie zeigten aber ebenfalls präventive Effekte in der Interventionsgruppe. In den anderen drei Studien wurde keine signifikante Veränderung der Verletzungsrate festgestellt (p > 0,05).

Schlussfolgerung Die sieben Forschungsarbeiten unterschieden sich stark in Bezug auf die Methodik, die Intervention und die Ergebnisse. Zudem wurde der Rumpf nie isoliert, sondern immer als Teil eines Programmes mit weiteren präventiven Maßnahmen, trainiert. Dadurch war ein Vergleich der Studien schwierig. Trotzdem waren Tendenzen zu erkennen, dass sich ein Präventionsprogramm mit Übungen zur Kräftigung der Rumpfmuskulatur positiv auf die Verletzungsrate auswirkt. Aufgrund der aktuellen Studienlage kann die Fragestellung jedoch nicht abschließend beantwortet werden. Es bedarf weiterer Studien, die den Effekt eines isolierten Rumpfkrafttrainings auf die Verletzungsrate bei Fußballspielern untersuchen.

Abstract

Background Soccer is seen as highly intensive sport with an increased injury rate. Male adults are the players with the highest injury incidence. Accordingly, the importance of core muscle strengthening to prevent injury has increased in the past few years. Up to date, core muscle strengthening plays an important role in different prevention programs, such as the “FIFA 11 +”. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of core muscle strengthening on injury rate in male adult soccer players, including at least the known and easy exercises “plank” and “side plank”, on injury rate in male adult soccer players.

Subjects/Material and Methods The databases PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus and Cinahl were searched systematically. Included studies had to comprise exercises for core muscles as an intervention (as a part of a prevention program) for adult male soccer players. The control group had to continue their usual exercise routine. The exercises “plank” and “side plank” were mandatory elements of the training program. The number of injuries and/or the injury rate (per 1000 hours) were defined as outcomes. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the PEDro scale and the Risk of Bias tool.

Results Seven studies with 2491 participants in total could be included. Two studies found a significant decrease in the injury rate in the intervention group (p < 0.05, p < 0.001 respectively). In two studies, no significance level was reported, but the training showed preventive effects in the intervention group. In the other three studies, no significant changes in the injury rate were found (p > 0.05).

Conclusion The seven included studies differed greatly with respect to the applied methods, the chosen interventions and the obtained results. Furthermore, core muscles were never trained separately but were always part of a program containing other preventive elements. Therefore, it was difficult to compare the studies. However, prevention programs including strengthening exercises for core muscles tend to positively affect the injury rate. Based on the literature found, the research question cannot definitively be answered. In the future, further studies are needed which investigate the effect of isolated core muscle training on the injury rate of soccer players.

Schlüsselwörter

systematische Literaturübersicht - Fußball - Prävention - Rumpfkraft - Rumpfmuskulatur

Key words

systematic review - soccer - prevention - core strength - core muscles
 

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