Spezifisch belastungsbezogene psychische Störungen im neuen ICD-11: Ein Überblick

Zusammenfassung

Mit der Veröffentlichung des neuen ICD-11 gehen wichtige Änderungen in der Klassifizierung belastungsbezogener psychischer Störungen einher. Unter dem Zielkonzept „klinische Nützlichkeit“ entwickelt, können in der neuen Version erstmals unterschiedliche Störungsbilder kodiert werden, die als Reaktion auf das Erleben verschiedener Arten von Stressoren entstehen. Die Störungsbilder reichen von der Reaktion auf psychosoziale Belastungen (Anpassungsstörung), über eine behandlungsbedürftige Trauerreaktion (Anhaltende Trauerstörung), bis hin zu den Folgen des Überlebens potenzieller traumatischer Ereignisse mit dem klassischen Bild (Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung) bzw. mit einem komplexeren klinischen Bild (Komplexe Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung). Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die wesentlichen Veränderungen in den Kriterien im Wechsel von ICD-10 auf ICD-11. Außerdem werden, wenn vorhanden, aktuelle Prävalenzraten berichtet und Empfehlungen für diagnostische Verfahren gegeben. Ebenso erfolgt eine Betrachtung der anhaltenden wissenschaftlichen Diskussionen im Hinblick auf die neuen Diagnosen.

Abstract

The release of upcoming ICD-11 results in important changes to the classification of stress-related mental disorders. With the aim to improve clinical utility there is a new organizational structure for the different disorders as they are now categorized by the response to specific types of stressors. These range from reactions based on the experience of psychosocial strains (adjustment disorder), to grief reactions with a need for treatment (prolonged grief disorder) and reactions after exposure to traumatic events (posttraumatic stress disorder), also with more complex clinical picture (complex posttraumatic stress disorder). This article gives an overview of the major changes in the shift in disorder categorization from ICD-10 to ICD-11. This includes prevalence rates, if available, as well as suggestions of measurement instruments for the purpose of clinical diagnostics. Furthermore, ongoing discussions among the research community will be considered.

Schlüsselwörter

ICD-11 - Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung - Komplexe Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung - Anpassungsstörung - Anhaltende Trauerstörung

Key words

ICD-11 - posttraumatic stress disorder - complex posttraumatic stress disorder - adjustment disorder - prolonged grief disorder

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