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Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2018; 235(05): 586-591
DOI: 10.1055/a-0590-4546
Übersicht
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Topische Kortikosteroide und nicht steroidale Antiphlogistika zur Behandlung der nicht infektiösen Uveitis

Topical Corticosteroids and Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Therapy of Non-infectious Uveitis
Deshka Doycheva
1   Department für Augenheilkunde, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
,
Christoph Deuter
1   Department für Augenheilkunde, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
,
Rafael Grajewski
2   Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universität zu Köln
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

eingereicht 27 February 2018

akzeptiert 09 March 2018

Publication Date:
08 May 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Topische Kortikosteroide sind effektive entzündungshemmende Medikamente in der Therapie der anterioren Uveitis. Die intraokulare Effektivität der topischen Steroide ist überwiegend durch ihre Penetrationsfähigkeit ins Auge limitiert. Lipophile Präparate wie Dexamethason oder Prednisolonacetat penetrieren besser in die Vorderkammer als hydrophile. Prednisolonacetat 1% ist das Mittel der Wahl in der Behandlung von Patienten mit anteriorer Uveitis. Loteprednol und Fluorometholon besitzen eine schwächere antientzündliche Wirkung, beeinflussen aber weniger den Augeninnendruck und sind deswegen hilfreich bei Patienten mit Steroidresponse. Die antientzündliche Therapie mit lokalen Steroiden muss individuell angepasst werden in Abhängigkeit von Verlauf und Schweregrad der Uveitis. Die häufigsten unerwünschten Wirkungen der lokalen Kortisontherapie sind das steroidinduzierte Glaukom und die Katarakt. Nicht steroidale Antiphlogistika hemmen das Enzym Zyklooxygenase, das für die Bildung proinflammatorischer Prostaglandine zuständig ist. Sie haben eine ergänzende Rolle bei der Behandlung und Vorbeugung postoperativer Reizzustände nach Kataraktoperation. Eine therapeutische Rolle in der Behandlung der Uveitis und des zystoiden Makulaödems sekundär nach Uveitis konnte bisher nicht etabliert werden.

Abstract

Topical corticosteroids are effective anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of anterior uveitis. The intraocular efficacy of topical corticosteroids mostly depends on their intraocular permeability through the cornea. Lipophile derivatives such as dexamethasone and prednisolone acetate penetrate better into the anterior chamber than hydrophilic derivatives. Prednisolone acetate 1% is the first choice in the therapy of patients with anterior uveitis. Loteprednole and fluorometholone have a slightly weaker anti-inflammatory effect, but they induce less elevation of intraocular pressure and might be helpful in the treatment of patients with steroid response. Topical corticosteroid therapy has to be individually adapted, depending on the clinical course and severity of uveitis. The most common side effects of topical corticosteroids are corticosteroid-induced glaucoma and corticosteroid-induced cataracts. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase that is responsible for the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. These have an adjunctive role in the treatment and prevention of post-operative inflammation after cataract surgery. A therapeutic role of topical NSAID to treat uveitis and cystoid macular oedema secondary to uveitis has not yet been established.

Schlüsselwörter

intraokulare Entzündungen - Pharmakologie - Mikrobiologie

Key words

intraocular inflammation - pharmacology - microbiology
 

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