Genetische Grundlagen der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS)

Elisabeth M. Weiss; Walther Parson; Harald Niederstätter; Josef Marksteiner; Astrid Lampe

doi:10.1055/a-0634-6625

PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie, Table of Contents

Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2019; 69(07): 266-274
DOI: 10.1055/a-0634-6625

Übersicht

Genetische Grundlagen der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS)

Genetics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Elisabeth M. Weiss

¹Abteilung für Biologische Psychologie, Institut für Psychologie, Graz, Österreich

,

Walther Parson

²Institut für Gerichtliche Medizin, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Österreich

,

Harald Niederstätter

²Institut für Gerichtliche Medizin, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Österreich

,

Josef Marksteiner

³Abteilung für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie A, Landeskrankenhaus Hall, Österreich

,

Astrid Lampe

⁴Dept. für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Österreich

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Bei der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) handelt es sich um eine psychische Erkrankung, die nach außergewöhnlich bedrohlichen Situationen (Traumata) auftreten kann und sich durch eine hohe Komorbidität auszeichnet. Jedoch gibt es selbst bei Personen mit dem gleichen traumatischen Erlebnis eine hohe interindividuelle Variabilität bezüglich des PTBS Risikos. Daher liegt die Vermutung nahe, dass biologische Korrelate wie genetische und epigenetische Einflüsse als Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer PTBS eine Rolle spielen können. Im vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel soll der aktuelle Erkenntnisstand der genetischen Forschung bei PTBS vorgestellt werden, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf genetischen Befunden aus Kandidatengen-basierten Assoziationsstudien des monoaminergen Systems und der endokrinen Stressachse liegt. Des Weiteren werden Ergebnisse aus Genom-weiten Assoziationsstudien berichtet und auf die Rolle von Genen als Moderatoren der Effekte von Kindheitstraumen anhand von Gen-Umwelt-Interaktionsstudien und epigenetische Untersuchungen eingegangen. Abschließend wird ein kurzer Ausblick auf die aktuelle Forschung im Bereich der Pharmakogenetik gegeben.

Abstract

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder following a severe traumatic experience and is characterized by high rates of comorbidity with related psychiatric disorders. However, even for individuals experiencing the same trauma, there is considerable inter-individual variability in the risk of PTSD, and this is largely thought to be determined by biological processes, such as genetic predisposition and epigenetic mechanism. In this review we will summarize recent research on genetics of PTSD, primarily focusing on candidate gene-association studies, targeting on functional genetic variants in the monoaminergic system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, results from recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) will be reported and we will highlight the interplay of genetic factors with environmental factors, based on evidence from gene-environment interaction analysis and studies on the epigenetic regulation of PTSD. Finally, we will provide a brief outlook towards the potential and perspectives of pharmaco-genetic studies.

Schlüsselwörter

Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung - Genetik - Gen-Umwelt Interaktion - Epigenetik - Pharmakogenetik

Key words

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - genetics - gene-environment interaction - pharmaco-genetic - epigenetic

Full Text

References

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