ECMO in der Thoraxchirurgie: Grundlagen und Pathophysiologie

Zusammenfassung

Die extrakorporale Lungenunterstützung (ECLS) stellt heutzutage ein gut etabliertes Verfahren in der Thoraxchirurgie dar. In Abhängigkeit von der respiratorischen und hämodynamischen Situation des Patienten wird die ECLS in verschiedenen Modalitäten eingesetzt. Dies erfordert ein ausreichendes Wissen über die verschiedene ECMO-Modalitäten (ECMO: extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung), Kanülierungswege, zur Verfügung stehendes technisches Equipment und über die pathophysiologischen Grundlagen im Zusammenhang mit derartiger Technologie, um das individuell auf die Patientenbedürfnisse angepasste Verfahren zu wählen. Dementsprechend kann die Therapie je nach klinischer Situation im Verlauf eskaliert bzw. deeskaliert werden.

Abstract

Extracorporeal lung support (ECLS) is of increasing importance in general thoracic surgery. Different modes of ECLS may be applied in several situations throughout the perioperative phase and are adapted to the individual patientʼs needs and the planned surgical procedures. ECLS is not a static procedure and should be always evaluated according to the present condition of the patient. Therefore, it is essential to understand the pathophysiology of the disease and the different ECLS modes, as well as the different cannulation options, in order to be able to use the different escalation and de-escalation techniques in accordance with the clinical situation.

Schlüsselwörter

extrakorporale Lungenunterstützung - Thoraxchirurgie - Pathophysiologie

Key words

extracorporeal lung support - thoracic surgery - pathophysiology

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