Körperliche Aktivität in der Rehabilitation nach Myokardinfarkt

In der Therapie nach einem Herzinfarkt verbessert körperliche Aktivität die Prognose und senkt die Mortalität. Doch worauf beruht dieser Effekt, wann soll ein Sporttraining in welchem Umfang und mit welcher Intensität angefangen, wie lange soll es fortgeführt und wie soll es kontrolliert werden? Darauf gibt der vorliegende Beitrag Antworten und praktische Empfehlungen.

Kernaussagen

• Nach einem Myokardinfarkt ist die leitliniengerechte pharmakologische Intervention die Basis der Therapiestrategie, ergänzend sind Lebensstilmaßnahmen als gleichwertige Therapie essenziell.

• Lebensstilmaßnahmen beinhalten eine Sporttherapie mit regelmäßiger körperlicher Alltagsaktivität ergänzt durch ein gezieltes Training, eine „herzgesunde Ernährung“, ein Stressmanagement und die Raucherentwöhnung.

• Körperliche Aktivität verbessert die Prognose und senkt sowohl die Gesamtmortalität als auch die kardiovaskuläre Mortalität nach einem Myokardinfarkt.

• Je belastbarer der Patient ist, desto besser ist seine Prognose.

• Patienten sollen so früh wie möglich wieder körperlich aktiv werden.

• Jeder Patient soll individuelle Belastungsempfehlungen bezüglich Intensität und Umfang der körperlichen Aktivität erhalten.

• Mehrmalige Aktivität pro Tag mit geringem Umfang und Intensität wird für wenig belastbare Patienten gerade zu Beginn empfohlen.

• Erst wird der Umfang, dann die Intensität gesteigert.

• Die Intensität des Trainings sollte über individuelle Herzfrequenzempfehlungen gesteuert werden.

• Ein strukturiertes Training sollte im Rahmen der Rehabilitationsphase II bereits beginnen und die Sporttherapie lebenslang durchgeführt werden.

Schlüsselwörter

Sporttherapie - kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren - Myokardinfarkt - individuelle Belastungsempfehlungen - kardiale Rehabilitation

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